Study On Application Of Carbon Materials In Biofuel Cell And Electrochemical Sensing

Carbon materials have a lot of advantages, such as low cost, good conductivity, specific surface area, easy modification, excellent oxidation reduction properties, biocompatibility and wide potential window. While the preparation and application of new carbon materials are hot studies. Biofuel cell, an environmentally green energy, can directly translate the oxidant and fuel chemical energy into the electrical energy, which is clean, efficient and safe. Biosensor, a new analysis technique, is widely used in the detection of environmental pollutants, biological engineering, military, medicine, food industry and so on, it is important to protect human life and health. Based on the above reasons, we used high-efficient, low cost and safe methods to prepare a variety of carbon materials, and studied the morphologies and properties of these materials. Finally, we used the as-prepared carbon materials to construct the biofuel cell and electrochemical sensing. The main contents are outlined as follows:1. We obtained the carbon material(MAC) by the carbonization and activation of microalgae. The corresponding characterizations showed that the MAC had a large number of pores and defects. The glassy carbon electrode modified with MAC had the good ability of electron transfer, and showed good catalytic activity for glucose oxidation. Therefore, the modified electrode is expected to be used in constructing a biofuel cell.2. We used carbon materials which based on MAC and carbon nanotube to build a membrane-less light enhanced glucose/oxygen biofuel cell. Due to the presence of fresh microalgae in the battery electrolyte, microalgal photosynthetic production of oxygen can be used as the substrate of biological cathode. With the light enhancement effect, the whole battery power density(60 μW cm-2) had been increased by 3 times, and the open circuit potential reached to 0.75 V. Finally, the biomass and solar energy were transformed into electrical energy through the platform of biofuel cell. And the used microalgae can be used to prepare in MAC as anode material, thus achieving a recycling effect.3. We used cocoon as an economy and green material to prepare carbon material(silk C) with large specific surface area(2854.53 m2 g-1) and uniform pore(215 nm). The as-prepared Silk C had a large number of active sites and high specific surface area, so the material had the advantages of rich transfer medium and fast electron transfer capability. Moreover, the existence of defects also improved the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the material, which can make the MAC own potential usability.4. We used Silk C-IL composite to build a dopamine(DA) electrochemical sensing, and the Silk C-IL composite can be synthesized through Silk C dispersed with ionic liquid under grinding condition by a large-scale and one-step method. Due to the porous structure of Silk C and the unique properties of IL, the DA electrochemical sensing(C/GC IL-Silk electrode) showed good performance. The detection limit of DA using Silk C-IL/GC was 79 nM(S/N = 3), and the linear range was 0.6-140 μM. The sensing platform had a good stability, reproducibility and selectivity to DA from uric acid, ascorbic acid and glucose. It also obtained good results with detecting the concentration of DA in real samples, such as fetal bovine serum and dopamine hydrochloride injection.