Research And Application Of A Typical Coastal Wetland Reserve Ecological Risk Assessment Approach Based On Remote Sensing And GIS Techniques

Presently, most marine protected areas (MPAs) of China locate in coastal wetland region. In recent years, caused by frequently ecological disasters (storm surge, sea ice, red tide, green tide etc.) and human activities (maritime oil spill, chemical release, sea reclamation, etc.), the main protected objects and habitats of MPAs are seriously threatened. In view of this, the scientific assessment of the spatial distribution and trends of risk for marine protected areas both have theoretical and practical significances in strengthening risk management of MPAs.This paper summarized the current research about the application of regional ecological risk assessment theory both at home and abroad, and established ecological risk assessment methods of coastal wetland reserve based on the model R(Risk)=P (Posibility) X D(Damage), remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) technology model:Firstly, using RS technology to interpret habitat types of the reserve and form the basic information database of the risk receptors. Then, using GIS technology to divide the protected area into a plurality of discrete risk grids. While calculating the probability of occurrence of various risk in all grids, assessing the importance and fragility of natural ecology and social economy, ecological risk value in each grid is calculated. Finally, integrating risk values for all grids to obtain the spatial distribution of ecological risk in the entire reserve.Binzhou Shell Islands and Wetland National Nature Reserve is a marine natural heritage protected area, while the main objects of protection are shell islands and wetland ecosystem. In recent years, natural disasters and human activities have brought the reserve increasingly higher ecological risk. Therefore, they are chosen as the research objects of the article to carry out application research. Firstly, interpreting habitat types of the reserve through the remote sensing image of the reserve in 2005, 2009 and 2014 and analyzing the evolution and cause of the major habitat types. Next, screening of storm surges, coastal erosion, water pollution, reclamation, sea ice, oil spills as risk sources through historical data And using Ordered Binary Comparison Approach to determine the weight and calculate the overall risk probability. Then calculating comprehensive loss of all the nine habitats based on ecological attribute, economic attribute and ecological vulnerability. Finally, in support of GIS, obtaining comprehensive evaluation and spatial distribution of ecological risk in the reserve, thus proposing management advices based on different levels of risk.