| Large yellow croaker is one of the most important financial ocean fish in our country, containing abundant vital components, such as protein, unsaturated fatty acid and phospholipid, especially rich in EPA, DHA and phosphatidylcholine. The phospholipid is a kind of amphoteric lipid compound with phosphate groups, which is the important component of membrane. The phospholipid has the capability of preventing or delaying the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease; delaying the aging of organism; decreasing the level of cholesterol remarkably; easing all kinds of unsuitable causing by hyperlipidemia; preventing and curing hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and arteriosclerosis.In this paper, in order to improve the extraction rate of phospholipid, the supercutical CO2 fluid was utilized first to remove the neutral fat in the large yellow croaker roes. Then, the process of using ethyl alcohol to extract phospholipid was optimized. On this basis, the physicochemical property, components and the composition of fatty acid were investigated. And the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid through mice was also researched. This research is able to provide theoretical foundation for exploring some kinds of phospholipid health care products.(1) Large yellow croaker roes is selected as raw materials, the effect of different time, temperature and pressure on the removal rate of fish oil was researched. The best process of removing the oil of large yellow croaker roes was confirmed. The results showed that the optional process of supercritical CO2 process extraction technology were:extraction time 90 min, extraction pressure 30 MPa, extraction temperature 45℃, the removal rate could reach 86.12±0.56%.(2)The ethyl alcohol was used to extract large yellow croaker roes phospholipid, the extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time, material-solvent ratio and the times of extraction were researched. After that, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process. The results showed that material-solvent ratio, the extract temperature and ethanol concentration had significantlyly effects on extraction rate of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid, The optional process extraction technology was as followed:the times of extraction 3, extraction time 30 min, material-solvent ratio 1:10 g/mL, extraction temperature 40℃, ethanol concentration 95%, under these conditions, the extraction rate of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid could reach 62±0.38%.(3)The physicochemical property of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid was researched and compared with that of national standard (GB 28401-2012). The results showed that large yellow croaker roes phospholipid was paste with the color of yellowish brown, and it had natural smell of phospholipid, the indexes of acetone-insoluble material, acetone-insoluble material, acid value, peroxide value, residual solvent and total arsenic were all up to the standard. Among these, the value of acetone-insoluble material was 68.7±0.53%, which was 8.7% higher than national standard.(4) The TLC and HPLC-ELSD were used to analysize the components of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid. The results showed that large yellow croaker roes phospholipid contained PC (61.06±0.02%) and PE (38.94±0.01%). The fatty acid constitution of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid was investigated via GC, the results showed that there was 20 types of fatty acid in roes phospholipid,9 of which was polyunsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 17.35±0.35% of total contents. The n-3PUFA occupied large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA made up 15.19±0.21% of total contents, DHA took up 12.50±0.19%.(5)In order to investigate the effect of large yellow croaker roes phospholipid on the reducing blood lipid of mice, the model of hyperlipidemia mice was established, after 4 weeks of feeding, some related indexes were tested, and pathology observationr was took in the liver. The results indicated that large yellow croaker roes phospholipid had the capability of resisting the gain of mice body weight. The results of serum indexes shown that compared with model group, middle and high dose group were capable of declining TC、TG、LDL-C、AI1 and AI2 levels significantlyly, and increasing HDL-C, suggesting middle and high dose group had best effect on regulating lipid metabolism of mices. Besides, base on the results of pathological histology of mice liver, low dose group had insignificantly effect on hepatocyte, while middle and high dose group had significantly effect on repairing the hepatocellular degeneration. The results indicated that large yellow croaker roe phospholipid is able to prevent fatty degeneration and decline the risk of atherosclerosis. |
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