Preparation And Properties Of Several Multi-dimensional Inorganic Nanomaterials By A Self-assembly Method

Inorganic nanomaterials with special sizes and special structure not only has some intrinsic properties of the nanostructural units, and may also have a synergistic effect when these basic nanostructural units combined together, and they have wide application prospect and the important use value in terms of energy conversion and storage and handling the environmental pollution problems, so people has been committed to the structure-building project of the inorganic nanomaterials in recent years. But now, due to the poor controllability of the cureent synthetic methods of the inorganic nanomaterials,and the lack of explanation of the formation mechanism of the material and the association between the structure and properties of the material, the application of the inorganic nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion and storage and handling the environmental pollution problems has been seriously affected. In this paper, we adopts the self-assembly method to design the suitable synthetic scheme and realize the controllable synthesis of several multidimensional inorganic nanomaterials, and combined with the performance of the material itself and based on the current serious energy shortages and environmental pollution problems, we use it to the applications in the new supercapacitor energy storage device or the photocatalytic degradation of high chroma and refractory organic wastewater pollutants RhB. We also have done the preliminary discussion on the association between the structure and properties of the material as well as the formation mechanism of the material. The main research contents in this article are as follows:1. In this thesis, both NiO and NiCo2O4 materials with a 2D microstucture were controlly prepared in one reaction system by a bottom-up method which belongs to the self-assembly approach, employing the inverse layered micelles formed in the process of the self-assembly process of surfactant molecules as the the growth template of the inorganic precursor molecules. The products were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, electrochemical analysis and so on. The analysis results of FESEM and HRTEM showed that both of products were the two-dimensional uniform nanosheets and the average length and thickness of NiO and NiCo2O4 were about(0.24 μm, 9 nm) and(1~6 μm, 28 nm), respectively. The electrochemical tests showed that both NiO and NiCo2O4 nanosheets exhibited the highest specific capacitance when the current density was 1 A/g, which were 405 and 876 F/g, respectively. After 1000 cycles, NiO and NiCo2O4 nanosheets retained 88% and 86.5% of their initial discharge capacity,respectively, which indicated that both two materials have a good electrochemical performance and good cycle stability.2. Three types of TiO2 samples has been prepared by a bottom-up method employing lamellar inverse micelles as the template for the growth of the precursors of TiO2 in a surfactant molecular self-assembly process and by changing the additive amount of titanium source. The products were characterized by XRD, Raman, FESEM, TEM, X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS), Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, photoluminescence spectra(PL), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance(DRS) and photodegradable tests. The results showed that all samples were biphases TiO2(anatase and TiO2(B)) and the coexistence of two phases in TiO2 can effectively suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, which led to an excellent photocatalytic performance. In addition, with the increase of the addition amount of the titanium source, the microstructure of three samples have changed gradually from 2D nanosheets to 3D sphere-like aggregates composed of 2D nanosheets, and the proportion of the anatase phase in the products and the specific surface area(BET) of the samples gradually increased, which helped to promote the adsorption performance and the photodegradable performance of three products on organic pollutants RhB. After 16 minutes of UV irradiation, RhB in solution was degraded completely. The 2.5-TiO2 sample showed the best photodegradable performance among three samples. Meanwhile, the result of the recycling experiment showed that the 2.5-TiO2 sample also had a good cycle stability and low performance loss(8%).3. The high purity of one-dimensional Bi2GeO5 nanorods were successfully synthesized through a self-assembly process during the hydrothermal reaction and a calcination process. The phase, morphology and optical property of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), thermal gravimetric analyzer(TG) and so on. In addition, its photocatalytic property was tested by the photocatalytic experimental on photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB). The results showed that the Bi2GeO5 product had a high purity, a uniform rod-like shape and a good stable photocatalytic activity. With the concentration of Bi2GeO5 was increasing, the degradation effect of RhB was firstly increased markedly and then decreased. The best photodegradation rate of Bi2GeO5 nanorods can reach 90.4% when the concentration of Bi2GeO5 was 1.5 g/L and the illumination time was 150 minutes, which was better than the photodegradation effect of the matrial with a similar structure reported in the literature.