| Chamomile(Matricaria recutita L.) is a one year to perennial herb of the Matricaria genus, Asteraceae family. Originated in Europe, it has been widely used as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesia and other effects in medicine, cosmetics and food industry. Researches on Chamomile are mostly concentrated in the chemical composition or function. Studies on its functional components are rare, especially for the material basis of whitening activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the whitening effect and corresponding material basis of Chamomile as follows:1. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities of Chamomile were investigated. Chamomile residue obtained after removing volatile components by steam distillation was extracted with 95%(V/V) ethanol to acquire ethanol extraction. The residue dealed after ethanol was extracted with deionized water to get aqueous extraction. Ethanol extraction was extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethyl-acetate to obtain petroleum ether extraction, ethyl-acetate extraction and its raffinate. All of the Chamomile extraction obtained above was tested with D-galactose induced aging mice and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, showing that both of Chamomile ethyl-acetate extract and its raffinate had antioxidant activity and the later was more significant; both of ethyl-acetate raffinate and water extraction could inhibite the activity of tyrosinase and the former had a greater inhibition rate when at the same concentration.2. Rough separation of Chamomile ethyl-acetate raffinate and detection of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were conducted. The ethyl-acetate raffinate was eluted from MCI column with deionized water and 15%, 30%, 70%(V/V) ethanol to obtain elution of water, 15%, 30%, 70% ethanol. All of the Chamomile eluate was tested with D-galactose induced aging mice and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, indicating that both of Chamomile 15%, 30% ethanol eluate had significant antioxidant activity(P <0.5); 30% ethanol elution with a lowest IC50 0.160 mg/m L was the best to inhibit tyrosinase activity, while the rate of tyrosinase inhibition for water and 70% ethanol elution were lower.3. Purification and detection of 30% ethanol elution from MCI column were researched. Five main compounds were obtained from 30% ethanol elution by MCI and ODS column. By testing the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these compounds, we found that the IC50 value of compounds Ⅳ and Ⅴ was 0.300 mg/m L and 0.191 mg/m L, respectively. Both of them had a strong inhibition to tyrosinase activity. Analysis the structure of Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴby NMR techniques, results showed that they were kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,kaempferol-3-O-(6"-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,(1S,2R,3R,5S,7R)-7-[(E)-caffeoyloxymethyl]-2,3-di[(E)-caffeoyloxy]-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane-5-carboxylic acid.4. Moisture of Chamomile petroleum ether extract was discussed. Chamomile petroleum ether extract was divided into sample A and B by MCI column, then moisture absorption and retention of A and B was tested. The results showed that moisture absorption and retention of B was better than A under at the same conditions and that the moisture absorption of B was enhanced along with the increasing of relative humidity of the environment, while the moisture retention was converse. A major compound which was identified to be 2-formyl-(alkylene ethoxy)-4,5-dimethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzoyl)-isopropyl was isolated from B.In summary, Chamomile ethyl acetate residue eluted with 30% ethyl alcohol had effects of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition. The main active substance may be(1S,2R,3R,5S,7R)-7-[(E)-caffeoyloxymethyl]-2,3-di[(E)-caffeoyloxy]-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane-5-carboxylic acid. Petroleum ether extracts with moisturizing effect was B, in which compound 2-formyl-(alkylene ethoxy)-4,5-dimethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzoyl)-isopropyl was isolated. |
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