| A variety of aerosols during haze with different and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics resulted uncertain and unpredictable effects on regional atmosphere radiation balance and climate change, which is worth to explore further. This study revealed the aerosols’ threedimensional space distribution, transmission and air quality effect during haze around Shanghai area by using advanced CALIPSO satellite retrieval data and ground observation data, explaining formation mechanism, long distance transmission and the influence of the formation of haze by different types of aerosols. Then we revealed aerosols radiation forcing quantitatively during different haze by using the broadband radiation observation satellite data(CERES) and HYSPLIT air mass trajectory model, discussing the feedback mechanism between aerosols and surfaceatmosphere system for providing reference for researching on the quantitative assessment of environmental and climate effects of haze pollution in Shanghai. We made full use of the advantage of CALIPSO satellite which can provide stable reliable and high vertical resolution aerosol types and their optical properties data. Based on the measurement and inversion data, the influence on radiation around Shanghai area during haze by the vertical distributions of different aerosol was researched in this study. We also discussed the dust, dust pollution and smoke aerosol’s formation mechanism, the vertical distribution and its radiative forcing as key measurement data on the accurate assessment of the effect on climate and environment.The dust aerosol around Shanghai mainly originated from the dust source areas in northern China, which transmission height was about 4 km. The frequency of dust aerosol near the surface was less than in high atmosphere. The dust aerosol played cooling effect on the surface radiation, which net radiative forcing was-3.31 W·m-2. Foreign source polluted dust aerosol mainly came from above 4 km height, and 46.67% from the dust source areas in northern China, 33.33% from South China. Part of dust aerosol at 0-3 km height and other substances were mixed into polluted dust aerosol. In nighttime the occurrence frequency of polluted dust aerosol near the surface was greater. The radiative forcing of polluted dust aerosol was 61.81 W·m-2. A certain part of smoke aerosol came from local emissions. The exotic smoke aerosol mainly existed in 4-6.6 km height. The radiative forcing of smoke aerosol was 180.75 W·m-2, especially on shortwave radiation(129.05 W·m-2).The surface wind was mainly form the ocean in the east in spring, summer and autumn but the source of surface wind in winter was from the northwest continent. The polluted dust and dust aerosol occurred frequently in spring mainly in about 2 km height. The frequency of nighttime smoke aerosol was more in summer than in the other season. The exotic dust aerosol reaching mainly happened in autumn in nighttime. The frequency of daytime the smoke aerosol was more in winter than in the other season. The aerosols performed cooling effect on daytime surface shortwave radiation in winter(-31.48 W·m-2) and summer(-29.64 W·m-2). The aerosols performed heating effect on daytime surface shortwave radiation in spring(8.79 W·m-2) and autumn(69.33 W·m-2). And the aerosols’ daytime longwave radiative forcing were negative in all seasons. Summer aerosol longwave radiative heating effect on the surface was the most significant by 26.40 W·m-2, followed by autumn(22.22 W·m-2), winter(18.91 W·m-2) and spring(8.35 W·m-2). Overall only winter aerosols’ radiative forcing were negative. In nighttime, autumn aerosol longwave radiative heating effect on the surface was the most significant by 6.90 W·m-2, followed by spring(5.30 W·m-2), summer(5.11 W·m-2) and winter(1.54 W·m-2).With the increase of relative humidity, the aerosol shortwave radiative forcing first weakened then enhanced. According to the vertical distribution of aerosols, the aerosol shortwave radiative forcing had visible relationships to the occurrence frequency of smoke aerosol near the surface and dust aerosol. With the increase of relative humidity, aerosol longwave radiative forcing gradually increased so the aerosol longwave radiative forcing had great relationships to the occurrence frequency of smoke aerosol. When the relative humidity was less than 60% during nighttime, the aerosol showed cooling effect on the surface radiation due to the emission of aerosol longwave radiation was greater than the absorption effect by aerosol, and when the relative humidity was greater than 60%, the aerosol showed heating effect on the surface radiation.During daytime haze aerosol had a cooling effect on the surface. The aerosols showed negative forcing effect on shortwave radiation but positive forcing on longwave radiation. With the increase of the haze pollution level, both shortwave and longwave radiative forcing enhanced. The aerosols occurring in nighttime haze had a heating effect on the surface and the heating effect decreased with the increase of the haze pollution level. |
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