Research On The Planning Of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations

With the accelerated process of the promotion of electric vehicles, the number ofelectric vehicles will continue to grow in the future market. However, due to thelimitations of the energy density of onboard batteries, electric vehicles have a limitedrange. Therefore, an improved charging facility is needed to guarantee the normal useof electric vehicles. As one of the main charging facilities, charging station plays animportant role in that, which needs a reasonable planning and construction to provide aconvenient service for electric vehicles.In order to meet the electric vehicle charging demands in the planning area, therated capacity of charging stations should be not less than the maximum chargingdemands. An accurate and efficient calculation for the charging load is the basis of thecharging stations planning. Firstly, this paper analyzes the factors that affect thecharging demands. Considering the distribution characteristics of charging load in timeand space, two charging load calculation models based on Monte Carlo method arebuilt. And then, the charging power of different types of electric vehicle in theparticular area under different charging modes, including private cars, buses and taxis,is calculated by the two methods.Secondly, the factors that influence the planning and construction of the chargingstations are analyzed. Considering the investment and operating costs, land cost andthe consumption cost on the way, a charging station planning mathematic model isproposed. The main factors which affect the planning of charging station are thecharging load demand, economy of the investment and operation, safety of power gridand the convenience of charging. In the paper, particle swarm algorithm is used tosolve the model, and then Voronoi method is adopted to divide the main service areafor each charging station. The planning scheme of regional charging stations isobtained through the simulation.Thirdly, combining with the road network and the distribution network,simultaneously considering the land cost under different land usage and the cost ofcharging station connecting to grid lines, this paper presents a minimum annualaverage fee mathematical model with the weight of each cost. To solve this model, theconvenient indexes of road network are proposed. Firstly, the candidate station sitesaccording to the convenient indexes are selected. Then, the optimal planning scheme issolved using the quantum genetic algorithm for the candidate station sites. Thesimulation result shows that the method proposed in this paper can contribute to the rational planning of charging stations.