A Study On New Electrode Materials Used In Thermal Batteries

The goal of this thesis is to understand the characteristic of the LAN anode, andmake the thermal battery therefore. At the same time, the thesis also needs to preparethe lithiated vanadium oxide compounds (LVO), determine the electrical additivesused in LVO, explore the probability of the VOC used as the thermal battery cathode.The LAN is made by soaked the lithium into nickel billet. LAN anodeelectrochemistry property is tested by the Agilent N3306Aelectronic load and Nicoletdata acquisition system. The thermal battery made with LAN anode is tested byY53200/ZF centrifuger.The lithiated vanadium oxide compounds (LVO) is made by the reaction ofLiBr and V6O13。and its major components is LiV2O5and4VO2. The characteristic ofLVO is determined by XRD、TGA、DTA、SEM、DSC etc. The LVO electrochemistryproperty is tested by the Agilent N3306A electronic load and Nicolet data acquisitionsystem.The15wt%Li-Ni LAN anode have been researched in thermal battery, the LiSialloy containing44.32wt%Li and LiAl alloy containing31wt%Li have also beenresearched. The results show that the LAN(Li-Ni) anode has a more negative emf thanLiSi alloy and LiAl alloy. The relationship of ELiSi<ELiAl<ELANcan be concluded. TheLAN anode can output long-time high current impulse, and the relationship ofimpulse voltageULiSi<ULiAl<ULANcan be achieved. When loaded current densitymore than1A/cm2, the thermal battery used LAN anode can be activated immediately,and the relationship of activation timetLiSi> tLiAl>tLANcan be achieved. When loadedwith high current density, the material utilization rate relationship ofηLiSi<ηLiAl<ηLANcan be achieved. When the reasonable LAN anode structure designed, the activatedthermal battery used LAN anode can sustain2100m/s2radial centrifugal force, andthe output voltage curve is very smooth.The lithiated vanadium oxides composite (LVO)’s major components is LiV2O5and4VO2. The LVO has clump and flake crystal, its size is proximately10μm. Thesuitably electrical additive are super fine Ag powder and LiF·LiCl·LiBr molten salt inLVO cathode. The suitably electrolyte is LiF·LiCl·LiBr·MgO. When added14.3percent super fine Ag powder in LVO cathode, used the LiF·LiCl·LiBr·MgO electrolyteand the loaded current density no more than600mA/cm2, the pure LVO cathode’s capacity can surpass120.0mAh/g. When loaded with400mA/cm2, the open circlevoltage of the LVO cathode can be2.43V, the loaded voltage can be2.32V, which arehigher0.4V than the FeS2cathode. The super fine Ni powder and the graphite powdercan not be used as the electrical additive in the LVO and VOC cathodes, which canreact with the LiV2O5and VO2. After selected the appropriate electrical additive andthe electrolyte the LVO and VOC cathodes can be used to design some thermalbatteries having short operation time and low specific capacity but the volume beingstrictly restricted.