| The pantograph is a device to take electric power from the electrified wire netting when the train is running. Through it contact with the wire by mechanical friction when train is running, so it can hardly be avoided of pantograph slipper abrasion. When the residual thickness of the carbon-strip of pantograph reach to corresponded limits,it will cause the pantograph and contact wire separation, offline, temporary power outages and other phenomena, and it may be lead to serious traffic accident. Therefore, make the abrasion of pantograph carbon slide for real-time online detection is very important to ensure traffic safety when the train is running.The technology on the abrasion of pantograph detection have the problems of slow speed, low precision, large labor force at home or aboard, it is a big contrast to the stage of rail transit development. In recent years, with the rapid development of machine vision technology, and the technology is mature with the passing day, it makes the abrasion of pantograph detection by machine vision possible. Machine vision is a technology that use machines to replace human eyes to measure and judge. Because it was limited by the image acquisition technology and data processing technology in the development of machine vision in recent 20 years, machine vision system is generally based on two-dimensional visual technology. The detection method of machine vision is dependent on 2D camera currently, the extraction of features from the gray image, and only measured in the X-Y plane. When you need information of height or measure Z direction, machine vision base on 2D is often incapable of action. In recent years, with the rapid development of 3D image acquisition technology and data processing technology,3D machine vision technology become the development focus in the field of computer vision.3D structured light measurement technology provides a new technical means for spatial information of 3D development, and it provide the necessary conditions for development of digital information. Not only can obtain more information of the object to be detected by the increased 3D data, but also can reduce the data error, improve the measurement precision and accuracy and work efficiency. So this paper proposes a kind of abrasion detection of pantograph system based on 3D machine vision, this system has the advantages of fast speed, precision higher characteristic, it can be achieved on the pantograph slide abrasion detection on real-time.In this paper, the main research contents are as follows:Firstly, according to the abrasion detection technology at home and abroad in-depth understanding and learning, and has a detailed study of the 3D machine vision technology, put forward a method of abrasion detection of 3D based on 3D machine vision technology, and make hardware selection decision by the working principle and working process of the detection system, and even analysis the installation of the hardware. Then making data analysis and processing from the pantograph detection system based on content and data format. Getting start from data acquisition, remove the noise, redundant data reduction, interpolation missing point, curve fitting of scattered points, and feature point positioning, to prepare for the data analysis. Then through the data of testing content designs the corresponding algorithm, and that finish the data processing work before display the results. Finally, using Visual studio 2010 with OpenCV and VTK of the two open source library for supporting the development of the corresponding software on the platform of Windows, display the detection results through the supporting software. And it can be used by three-dimensional display of the pantograph carbon slide surface profile controlled.It is proved that the system can achieve real-time detection function through field installation inspection, in accordance with relevant technical requirements on the abrasion detection of pantograph of the Metro Inc, and it achieves the desired purpose of work. |
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