A Study Of The Electrochemical Properties Of Nickel Oxideand Its’ Composite Nanofibers On Super Capacitors

In recent years, because of the scientific research value and the potential of technological applications, one-dimensional nanostructured materials such as nanotubes, nanowires and nanofibers, had attracted many researchers’ interest. It’s due to the simple operation, low cost and no agglomeration between the produced nanofibers, which make the electrospinning has unique advantages in the preparation of electrode materials of ultracapacitor.As a new type of energy storage devices, ultracapacitors have greater prospects of development and application in many fields, such as new energy, mobile communications and electronic equipment, electric vehicles, aerospace and so on, because of theirs’ high-power, long cyclical life, high security, low cost and any other advantages.Transition metal oxides such as: Ru O2, Mn O2, Ni O, Co3O4 and etc., with the advantages such as high specific capacitance and high energy density, are perfect electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Among the electrode material, due to the high cost, precious metal oxides are not suitable for large-scale industrial production, although they have the best capacitive performance of supercapacitors. Ni O because of the advantage of abundant resources, low cost, high theoretical specific capacitance and etc. had caught the attention of researchers.Using the method of electrospinning we have prepared Ni O nanofibers with high specific capacitance, then combine the Ni O with Mn O2 or Pb3O4 to improve the electrochemical properties of Ni O nanofibers. Details are as follows:The Ni(NO3)2/PVA fibers were prepared by the method of electrospinning, then the fibers were calcined at the temperature about 400℃ for 3 hours, and the Ni O nanofibers were prepared. Test results show that the electrochemical performance of the materials are excellent, with the specific capacitance of 140 F/g at the current density of 2 A/g.Use the same method, the composite nanofibers of Ni O/Mn O2 with the Mole ratio of nickel and manganese is 7:3, and the composite nanofibers of Ni O/Pb3O4 with the Mole ratio of nickel and lead is 8:2, were prepared respectively. Test results show that the electrochemical performance of the materials are excellent, with the specific capacitance of 250 F/g and 300 F/g at the current density of 2 A/g. Compare the test results, the Ni O/Pb3O4 composite nanofibers have the best performances of ultracapacitors.