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Preparation And Electrichemical Performance Of NiO Electrode Materials For Supercapacitors

Posted on:2017-01-27Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y S LuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2272330503972913Subject:Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics
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As a new energy storage device, the performance of the supercapacitor is between the traditional capacitor and the battery. The supercapacitor can provide high power density, long cycle life, and low environmental pollution, which has broadened the application prospects in electric vehicles, aeronautics, telecommunications, etc. In recent years, the researchers have made a series of exploration for the preparation and application of the electrode materials for supercapacitors. The studies show that the electrode materials have a great influence on the performance of the supercapacitors. It has become one of the hottest research topics at present to improve the performance of the devices by different preparation methods of the electrode materials. In this paper, a hydrothermal method has been introduced to prepare nickel oxide(NiO). The electrode material has been studied through different experimental methods and its structure, which would affect the performance, has been observed by different characterization methods. The main results are as follows:(1) The nickel oxide(NiO) has been successfully deposited on nickel foam by a simple hydrothermal process using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the raw material, followed by calcinations in air. The electrochemical performance of the NiO electrode was improved by optimizing the experimental conditions, such as the mass of reactants, hydrothermal temperature, annealing temperature, etc, adding surface active agent, and applying the magnetic field during the process of preparation. The research showed that the NiO thin film was consisted of uniformly hexagonal nanoplates. The surfactant CTAB and the magnetic field can effectively promote the performance of the NiO. The optimal NiO electrode(MF-NiO-1.5A) prepared under magnetic field had a specific capacitance of 932.1 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with a retention ratio of 91.9 % at 2.0 A/g over 1000 cycles in 3 M KOH, which exhibited good cycling stability.(2) The NiO also has been deposited on nickel foam by a simple hydrothermal process with calcinations using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and urea as the raw material. The surface of the NiO electrode was modified by different methods, such as changing the mole ratio of the reactants, adding different surfactants, applying external magnetic field, and doping CMK-3. Research showed that the morphology of the NiO showed porous structure, which can be easily modified by different experimental environment. Among them, the specific capacitance of NiO can be improved by the surfactant SDS. The NiO electrode had a specific capacitance of 1149.6 F/g at 0.5 A/g. And the optimal NiO electrode, which prepared with SDS under the magnetic field, had a specific capacitance of 1641.1 F/g at 0.5 A/g with better cycle stability than that without the magnetic field. In addition, the NiO electrodes have been doped by CMK-3. The study showed that the specific capacitance of the electrode was 1587.9 F/g at 0.5 A/g with a retention ratio of 94.4 % after 1000 cycles when adding 7.5 mg CMK-3.
Keywords/Search Tags:Supercapacitor, Hydrothermal, NiO, Nickel foam, Pseudocapacitance
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