Research On Optimal Scheduling Considering Demand-Side Participating As Reserves With Response Uncertainties

With the increasing installed capacity of renewable energies such as wind power and load diversities, the peak-valley and uncertainties of power grid are increasing in recent years, which raises new requirements to system dispatch. Traditional methods of increasing the starting-up capacity of generations and adjusting the unit commitments not only are uneconomical for system operation, but also disaccord energy conservation and emissions reduction of environmental protection concepts in the new period. The emergence of the demand response makes people aware that the demand-side responsive resources is able to respond to price signals and incentives in order to provide scheduling resources for the system, which makes it possible to remit effectively the cost pressures of reliable operation and optimize the allocation of resources.This paper studies mechanism of demand response resources (DRRs) that participates as reserve source in day-ahead scheduling. Then the involved parties is studied based on this mechanism. Details are as follows:(1) Study the mechanism of DRRs participation in day-ahead scheduling. First, PJM’s DRRs participation mechanism is introduced and analyzed. Then the mechanism of DRRs participation in day-ahead scheduling is designed based on the characteristics of domestic power system operation. This mechanism consists of proxy access and offer clearing by curtailment service providers (CSPs), which actually build a dual-layer scheduling mode. In the lower layer, CSPs build resource model for all kinds of DRRs and obtain the DR parameters, then CSPs integrate the regional scattered resources into packed DRRs by aggregating, integrating and control methods, which could participate in the market; In the upper layer, CSPs offer the bidding prices to participate in the market competitions and accept system scheduling to provide reserves or power scheduling resources.(2) Study the models for single DR sub-resource to obtain the DR parameters from the view of CSPs and DRRs, which considers the response uncertainties. First aspects relevant to curtailments are modeled, including baseline calculation, curtailment control strategy, curtailment capacity calculation and pre-evaluation. Second, consider the effects of uncertain factors and evaluate it by certain index, then take it as a DR parameter to put into the processes of participation. Besides, build the expected revenue model to consider the response costs, penalty risks and incentive payments to simulate the market participation behaves.(3) Study the day-ahead scheduling model which considers DRRs as spinning reserves or energies from the view of system operators. This paper takes DRRs as equivalent units and integrates it directly in the unit commitment decision model which considers the expected costs of reserves and the relevant constrains of DRRs equivalent units. Compare the benefits of participation as reserves and energies that determine the market choice. Through simulation in IEEE-26 system, the participation of DRRs in dispatch as reserves is analyzed, which focuses on the optimal results, effects of response uncertainties, market choice.