Research On Photosynthetic Characteristics Of Eucalyptus Clones

Our country has a history of one hundred years in growing eucalypt. The area of eucalypt is more than 1.5×106hm. The planting of eucalypt is limited by extreme low temperature, the eucalypt are seriously damaged by extreme temperature in many places. The problem of acid rain is becoming more and more seriously in south of china, the concentration of AL3=is increasing in soil. Trees are been poisoned seriously. The problem of phosphorus deficiency is serious in south of china, it seriously impact the growth of trees, becomes the obstacle of sustainable growing eucalypt. Extracting the fungus of E.urophyllaxE.grandis and eucalyptus dunni, preliminary identified them. Choose ten kinds of fungi according to population advantage in there trees. Ten kinds of eucalypt endophytic fungus were inoculated into the seedling of E.urophylla×E.grandis by the liquid of fungus, various indices of photosynthesis were measured with GFS-3000 Gas Exchange & Fluorescence System. The index of physiology and biochemistry is measured in different temperature treatments. The index of physiology and biochemistry is measured in different P treatments. The index of physiology and biochemistry is measured in different AL treatments. The results are as follows:1. Extracting the germs of eucalyptus dunni show that:through the number of germs, the leaves account for 20.51%, the stem account for 41.67%, the root account for 37.82%. Through the kinds of germ, fungus account for 66.03%, the bacteria account for 28.01%, actinomycetes account for 5.77%. The sequence of germ from more to less are Penicillium、Aspergillus、Phyllostic-ta、Phomopsis、Erwinia、Leptostroma、Bacillus、Azotobacter、Cryp-tosporipsis、Setae、Fusarium. The amount of them are Penicillium40.00%、Aspergillus16.13%、Phyllostic-ta9.66%、Phomopsis8.06%、Erwinia6.45 %、Leptostroma6.45%、Bacillus3.23%、Azotobacter3.23%、Cryp-tosporipsis3.23%、Setae1.6l%、Fusarium1.61%.Extracting the germs of E.urophylla×E.grandis show that:through the number of germs, the leaves account for 22.01%, the stem account for 40.88%, the root account for 37.11%. Through the kinds of germ, fungus account for 62.64%, the bacteria account for 32.18%, actinomycetes account for 5.17%. The sequence of germ from more to less are Penicillium、Leptostroma、Phomopsis、Phyllostic-ta、Bacillus、Fusarium、Aspergillus、Erwinia、Pseudomonas、Setae、Agrobacterium. The amount of them are Penicillium31.88%、Leptostroma17.39%、Phomopsis11.59%、Phyllostic-ta8.70%、Bacillus7.25 %、Fusarium7.25%、Aspergillus5.80%、Erwinia4.35%、Pseudomonas2.90%、Setae1.45%、Agrobacterium 1.45%.With the comprehensive the description above, there are 65 kinds of fungus. The amount of them are Penicillium46.15%、Aspergillus12.31%、Phyllostic-ta9.23%、Leptostroma12.31%、Phomopsis12.31%、Fusarium7.69%. Ten kinds of fungus which growing well was selected for stress experiment.2. Ten kinds of eucalypt endophytic fungus were inoculated into the seedling of E.urophylla×E.grandis by the liquid of fungus, thirty days later, various indices of photosynthesis were measured with GFS-3000 Gas Exchange & Fluorescence System.The study of illumination response indicated:the Pmax of different kind fungus is between 9.31CO2μmol·m-2·s-1 and 16.37 CO2μmol·m-2·s-1, the maximum is No.G,59.6 percents more than the comparison, the minimum is No.A. No.A, E, F are less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison. The LSP in different kind fungus is between 1007.23μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1408.65μmol.m-2.s-1, the maximum is No.G,30.2 percents more than the comparison, and the minimum is no.B. No.B is less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison. The LCP in different kind fungus is between 0.2μmol·m-2·s-1 and 55.95μmol·m-2·s-1, the maximum is No.E, the minimum is No.H. The LCP of the comparison is 21.58μmol·m-2·s-1.The average LCP of No.A to No.J is 19.72μmol·m-2·s-1, No.A,C,F,G,H,I are less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison. The LCP of No.G is only 14.55μmol·m-2·s-1,32.6 percents less than the comparison. The AQY in different kind fungus is between 0.023 and 0.034, the maximum is No.B, the minimum is the comparison. The AQY of No.G is 0.033,43.5 percents more than the comparison. The Rd in different kinds fungus is between 0.01 and 1.97. The maximum is No.J, the minimum is No.F. The Rd of No.G is 0.73,12.3 percents more than the comparison.The CO2 response indicated:The Pmax of different kind fungus is between 14.45 CO2μmol·m-2·s-1 and 36.0 CO2μmol·m-2·s-1. The maximum is No.G,89 percents more than the comparison, the minimum is No.A. No.A, B, C are less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison. The CSP in different kind fungus is between 1449.49μmol·mol-1 and 2000μmol·mol-1. The maximum is No.J, the minimum is the comparison. No.G is 10.5 percents more than the comparison. The CCP in different kinds fungus is between 39.72μmol.mol-1 and 203.79μmol·mol-1. The maximum are No. B, C, the minimum is No.J. No.D, F, G, H, J are less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison.The study of temperature response indicated:The Pmax of different kind fungus is between 6.7 CO2μmol·m-2·s-1 and 15.3 CO2μmol·m-2·s-1. The maximum are No.G,37.8 percents more than the comparison, the minimum is No.J. No.E, I, J are less than the comparison, the rest are all more than the comparison. With the result of illumination response, CO2 response and temperature response indicated that No.G is more than the comparison in photosynthesis ability; it had the ability to promote the photosynthesis ability.3. The trees which had been inoculated fungus conducted with low temperature stress experiment The results show that compare with control the content of semilethal temperature are 2.71℃、2.28℃、1.98℃、0.77℃、0.61℃、0.61℃、0.26℃、0.08℃decreased in treatment LA、LG、LE、LF、LI、LC、LB、LH. It showed that the semilethal temperature of treatment A had been decreased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the activity of POD are 35.40%、22.52%、12.11%、12.11%、10.04%.8.23%、4.04%、0.62% increased in treatment LA、LG、LJ、LE、LH、LB、LF、LD. It showed that the POD activity of treatment A had been increased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the activity of SOD are 36.39%、6.79%、0.06%、4.97 %、12.98%、8.25% increased in treatment LA、LC、LD、LE、LG、LH. It showed that the SOD activity of treatment A had been increased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the content of MDA are 40.40%、29.08%、28.86%、4.88%、1.78% decreased in treatment LE、LG、LA、LD、LI. It showed that the MDA content of treatment A had been decreased in some degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the content of SS are 41.11%、1.11%、32.78%、38.89 % and 6.67% increased in treatment LA、LH、LE、LG、LJ. It showed that the SS content of treatment A had been increased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the content of SPC are 14.90%、0.72%、10.94%、3.37 %、24.40% and 0.36% increased in treatment LA、LB、LE、LF、LG、LJ. It showed that the SPC content of some treatments had been increased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by fungus NO.A had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the content of PRO are 28.77%、22.11%、20.16%、11.25%、5.48% and 1.57% increased in treatment LE、LG、LA、LB、LD、LI. It showed that the PRO content of some treatments had been increased in greatly degree, the tree which inoculated by some fungus had been greatly improved the ability of cold resistance.The results show that compare with control the content of chlorophyll are 9.52%、7.48%、7.48%、6.80%、5.44%、3.40%、3.40%、2.72%、2.04% and 2.04% increased in treatment LF、LH、LJ、LA、LI、LE、LG、LD、LB、LC. It showed that the chlorophyll content of most treatments had been increased in some degree, the chloroplast of trees which inoculated by some fungus had not been greatly damaged..After inoculated with No.A fungi, the cold-resistant capability of eucalyptus has been improved greatly in nutrition and physiological characteristic. It will be used in production for trial.4. The trees which had been inoculated fungus conducted with low phosphorus stress experiment Under the condition of normal P treatment, the SPC content of treatment PG、PH、PE、PF、PB、PC、PD、PJ、PI are 27.82%、26.18%、23.09%、19.46%、16.36%、14.00%、6.91%、6.73%、3.09 % increased. Under the condition of P stress treatment 1, the SPC content of treatment PC、PG、PH、PI、PF、PD、PJ、PB are5.77%、5.24%、3.84%、2.97%、2.27%、1.05%、1.05%、0.17% increased. Under the condition ofP stress treatment 2, the SPC content of treatment PE、PI、PD、PB、PH、PF、PG、PJ、PA are 27.60%、22.50%、21.93%、19.09%、15.69%、14.56%、11.54%、11.16%、4.35 % increased.Under the condition of normal P treatment, the MDA content of treatment PB、PD、PI、PG、PA、PE are 16.67%、9.72%、4.17%、2.78%、2.32%、0.46% decreased. Under the condition of P stress treatment 1,the MDA content of treatment PB.PE.PI.PG.PA.PC.PD.PJ、PF are 11.35％. 8.73％.830％.5.24％.4.37％.3.93％.3.93％.3.06％.3.06％decreased.Underthe condition of P stress treatment 2,the MDA content of treatment PB.PE.PF.PC.PA.PH are 10.15％.6.02％.6.02％.3.38％.3.01％.0.75％decreased.Under the condition of normal P treatment,the acid phosphatase content of treatment PG.PE.PF. PI、PJ、PC.PD、PH.PA are 69.24％.53.87％.53.87％.53.87％.53.87％.30.79％.30.79％.30.79％.15.39％increased in root.Under the condition of P stress treatment 1.the acid phosphatase content of treatment PE.PG.PI.PJ、PF.PD.PH.PA are 50.00％.50.00％.33.33％.27.78％.22.22％.11.12％.11.12％.5.55％increased in root.Under the condition of P stress treatment 2,the acid phosphatase content of treatment PJ.PG.PE.PA are 50.00％.37.50％.25.00％.4.16％increased in root.Treatment PF is the same with the comparison.With the analysis of ph value in different treatments,treatment PJ.PF.PB.PE.PG.PC.PI. PA.PD are 5.06％.4.20％.4.12％.4.03％.1.80％.1.80％.1.63％.1.37％.0.17％decreased.With the analysis of acid phosphatase in different treatments in soil,the acid phosphatase content of treatment PJ.PE.PG.PC.PI.PF.PD.PH.PB.PA are 94.45％.88.88％.88.88％、33.33％.33.33％.27.78％.22.22％.16.67％.11.12％.11.12％increased.With the analysis of P content in different treatments,treatment PJ.PE.PG.PD.PH.PF.PB. PI are 43.92％.35.14％.33.78％.16.22％.11.49％.10.14％.5.41％.4.73％increased.With the analysis of total biomass in different treatments,it shows that treatment PG.PJ、PE are 35.05％.21.65％.20.62％.With the analysis of root biomass in different treatments,it shows that treatment PG.PE.PF.PD.PB.PC.PJ are 24.99％.19.99％.19.99％.15.00％.9.99％.4.99％.4.99％increased.With the analysis of stem biomass in different treatments,it shows that treatment PG.PJ、PE are 23.53％.17.65％.11.77％increased.With the analysis of leaf biomass in different treatments.it shows that treatment PG.PJ、PE are 48.84％.32.56％.27.91％With the analysis of SOD activity in different treatments,it shows that treatment PJ.PE.PG.PH. PC.PB are 36.48％.27.36％.23.22％.6.47％.4.48％.2.82％increased.With the analysis of POD activity in different treatments,it shows that treatment PJ.PE.PG.PF. PI.PA.PC.PD are 82.72％.70.16％.57.07％.11.52％.9.95％.9.95％.7.85％.1.57％increased.With the analysis of chlorophyll content in different treatments,it shows that treatment PJ.PG.PE are 40.68％.35.59％.30.51％increased.Treatment PA and PB are the same with comparison.After inoculated with fungus E.G.J,the resistance of loW phosphorus stress had been improved greatly with the analysis of nutrition and physiological characteristic.It will be used in production for trial.5.The trees which had been inoculated fungus conducted with AL stress experiment With the analysis of POD activity in different treatments,it shows that treatment AD.AA.AE.AC.AF.AH. AB.AG are 53.11％.38.80％.37.97％.29.05％.25.73％.21.37％.16.18％.7.88％increased.With the analysis of MDA content in different treatments,it shows that treatment AA.AD.AE. AB.AC.AI.AH.AG are 50.33％.48.33％.44.54％.16.93％.11.80％.8.46％.5.12％.4.23％increased.With the analysis of PRO content in different treatments,it shows that treatment AD.AA.AE. AI.AC.AG.AB are 50.84％.35.75％.32.96％.18.44％.13.97％.3.91％.1.12％increased.With the analysis of chlorophyll content in different treatments,it shows that treatment AA.AE. AD.AC.AH.AF.AG.AB.AI are 44.78％.38.81％.34.33％.16.42％.10.45％.5.97％. 5.97％.4.48％.1.50％increased.With the analysis of total biomass in different treatments,it shows that treatment AA.AE.AD. AJ.AI.AG.AB.AF.AH are 43.05％.41.67％.34.72％.18.05％.16.67％.15.28％.13.89％.11.11％.8.33％increased.With the analysis of AL content in different treatments,it shows that treatment AD.AA.AE.AH. AF.AI are 74.52％.66.24％.54.14％.10.83％.9.55％.0.64％decreased.6.With the inocul ation of fungus in eucalyptus,it improved the ability of P absorption and relieved AL poison in soil.It will be new way of improving microenvironment of eucalyptus plantation.