The Cold-Acclimation-Related Gene Transcriptome Of Wheat Albinism Line Under The Condition Of Low Temperature-Induced

Wheat albinism line is a natural mutant from the parent dwarf wheat Aibian 1. Albinism line is the temperature sensitive pigment mutant which is induced by low temperature and can inherit stably. There are not any influences on the wheat quality and output. The most attractive feature is that albinism line starts albinism from the interior leaf base and the albinism area enlarges from the bottom to the top with decreasing temperature and returns green as temperature increasing, which have presented“returning white---green”character lasting for approximately 30 to 40 days. Investigations show that this feature is controlled by both nuclear and plasma and induced by low temperature. For now, researches about such a pigment mutant are reported mainly on its trait, physiology features, development of chloroplast, the metabolism of pigment, protein and nucleoid. However, molecular mechan -isms of“returning white---green”have not been fully characterized. So, research in aspects of molecular mechanism of plastid development, regulation of plant gene expression and interaction between nuclear and plasma is critical needed. In this research wheat albinism line and its parental Aibian 1 was characterized by gene chip and digital gene expression profile to detect the differentially gene expressed under different time of cold treatment. Then half Quantitative PCR was performed to verify the cold acclimation-related genes which were differently expressed in the gene chip and digital gene expression profile. Some of the different genes were selected for further verifying of differentiated expression model genes related with“returning white---green”trait by Real Time-Quantitative PCR.The main findings in this research were as follows:1. Results from gene chip show that about 5% of 61290 probes are differentially expressed. In Aibian, cold treatment of five days shows 1522 up-regulated and 449 down-regulated genes compared with control, while thirty-day’s treatment showing 1522 up-regulated and 849 down-regulated, respectively. In albinism line, five-day’s treatment shows 1197 up-regulated and 622 down-regulated genes, while thirty days treatment showing 1793 up-regulated and 1060 down-regulated, respectively. Compared control of albinism line with control of Aibian, there are 183 genes up-regulated, 109 genes down-regulated. 18 probes were isolated by gene chip, which includes 10 EST sequences and 8 functional genes such as Ver2.2.From the digital gene profile, in Aibian which treated with low temperature 10052 genes were detected when the duration of treatment last for 2 days, while 10194 genes were detected when lasting for 20 days. Compared with Aibian, in albinism line 11893 genes were detected when treatment lasts for 2 days and 10052 genes when treatment lasts for 20 days. in the progression of acclimation the number of up-regulated genes is larger than that of down-regulated genes.Ver2 is detected obviously differentially expressed by the Digital Gene Profiling.3.In the gene chip, 90 gene were found sending signals. By Digital Gene Expression Profiling, 62 cold acclimation-related genes were detected.16 cold acclimation-related genes were found in both Gene chip and Digital Gene4.The results of half Quantitative PCR and Real time-quantitative PCR, Ver2, CA642397 and CA718270 has apparently expression level between albinism line and Aibian 1.Ver2 is detected expression in albinism line but not in Aibian1. CA642397 expresses in a very low level and has no relationship to cold temperature. However, in Aibian1 its expression goes down with the elongation of cold treatment, which reaches its highest point in 1- day and 3-day’s treatment. CA718270 has a different expression profile when compared with CA642397. In albinism line, CA718270 is always expressed in a low level and has no apparently changes in both normal and low temperatures. It reaches its peaks when cold acclimates for 5days and 20 days, respectively. While in Aibian1 it reaches its expression peaks when treated for 1day and 5 days.The conclusions mentioned above laid the foundation for the further research of the albinism phenomena.