| Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), also called vinegar Liu, black stab, yellow acid thorn, belonging to the genus Hippophae, Elaegnaceae of the family Rosales, is a kind of Deciduous straight shrub or dungarunga. Seabuckthorn thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization. So Seabuckthorn always widely cultivated in North China, Northwest, Southwest which is barren and drought areas to prevent windstorm, improve the vegetation, conserve water and soil. And this barren land has never been polluted, the output of the Sea Buckthorn Berry is original, no pollution, which is in line with modern for natural, healthy pursuit. The main use of Hippophae Rhamnoides part is the fruit, its contain rich nutrition and the biological activity material, especially the Vc content can be up to825to1100mg/100g, is2～3times of kiwifruit, known as the king of Vc. At present, Seabuckthorn fruit mainly processed into juice, Seabuckthorn vinegar, seeds oil, Seabuckthorn flavonoids, produce a lot of by-products—pomace, these fruit dreg didn’t get reasonable use, this just is part of the existence of Seabuckthorn yellow pigment. Therefore, after juicing, use slag extract pigment has great significance.This test take the Seabuckthorn pomace as raw materials, by drying, crushing, sieving. And then take organic solvent as the carrier of Seabuckthorn yellow pigment for ultrasonic auxiliary extraction, determined the best extraction craft. Under this conditions, extract yellow pigment, then study the character. Test results are as follows:1. With Acetone, Anhydrous Alcohol, Petroleum Ether, Ethyl Acetate, n-Hexane, Ether for test solvent, ratio of material and water is1:50, the result shows the final acetone is the best extraction solvent, by this time absorbency maximum is0.291.2. Take the best extraction agent (Acetone) as carrier, absorbency as evaluation indexes, at room temperature, examine the ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, material to liquid ratio, crushing degrees to the effect of yellow pigment extraction ratio range, and then through the response surface test method optimize parameters, got the optimum technological conditions:Ultrasonic time31.53min, Ultrasonic power383.15W, Crushing degrees60.38mesh, the ratio of material and liquid is1:20, this time the Seabuckthorn yellow pigment (β-carotene calculation) receiving rate is the biggest:167mg/Kg. In these conditions, measured the content of yellow pigment in Seabuckthorn fruit is280mg/Kg. Thus, calculated the recovery rate is59.64%. The yellow pigment is yellow flow state, has the characteristic of Seabuckthorn smell. Utrasonic-assisted extraction increased receiving rate, and compared with other operation is simple, solvent consumption and recycling and reuse, high extraction rate, low energy consumption characteristics.3. According to the Seabuckthorn yellow pigment character research, determined the Seabuckthorn yellow element of physical and chemical properties:Seabuckthorn pigment is a kind of yellow lipid soluble pigment; Maximum absorption wavelength is450nm; below80℃has good stability, surpass80℃stability is poorer; Direct sunlight and ultraviolet ray has destructive influence to Seabuckthorn yellow pigment, but indoor light and avoid light storage has less influence to pigment; Ph have certain effect to Seabuckthorn yellow pigment stability, but in acidic (Ph=5) and slightly alkaline (Ph=8) condition is stable; Concentration is0.05%of all metal ions, Fe3+Ca2+Cu2+has strong damage to Seabuckthorn yellow pigment, degradation rate with48.6%,40.2%and30%respectively, and K+,Na+,Zn2+, Fe2+, Al3+of Seabuckthorn yellow pigment influence is relatively smaller, the degradation rate of pigment solution were0.45%,1.02%,1.25%,2.2%and8.16%; the concentration (>8%) of the Antioxidant (H2O2) greater and contact time more long (>3h), the greater destructive of Seabuckthorn yellow pigment; Reducing agent of Na2SO3almost no effect on the Seabuckthorn yellow pigment; Vc has significant protective to Seabuckthorn yellow pigment; In addition, some sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose have no effect for pigment stability. These shows: Seabuckthorn yellow pigment is a kind of color softed, properties stable, can widely be used in food, and has some functional characteristics. |
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