Investigation And Species Identification On Avian Protozoan In Shanghai, China

Protozoan is one of a common parasite of birds, harming the growth in birds andthreatening the health in humans. More than70avian protozoan species had reportedin China, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Amiba，Blastocystis could infect humans.The resources of birds are abundant in Shanghai and there are close to200species justin market, but the investigations of bird in protozoan are very limited. This studyintends to investigate the infection situation and species of the bird protozoan inShanghai, provide the basic data for the prevention of bird protozoosis and protectionof bird resources.1.Parasite Eggs Infections in Some Birds in ShanghaiTo investigate the prevalence of some birds in Shanghai,231fresh fecal samplesof46species were collected from the two markets in Shanghai in2012(February,May，August, and November). The infection rate and intensity of parasite eggs weregained using the lfotation method, sedimentation technique and McMaster’s methods.The results showed171fresh fecal samples (74.03%) of39species birds (84.78%)were infected. Coccidian oocyst and nematode eggs were found most. The prevalenceof parasite eggs was higher in May and November. The highest oocyst per gram(168,750) and eggs per gram (3,375) were found in November. All the kind ofparasites was found and the infection rate was high. These results would provide basicinformation for the bird infection status and the development of control strategiesagainst avian parasite in Shanghai.2.Investigation and species identification on avian blood parasites in ShanghaiTo investigate the prevalence of avian blood parasites in Shanghai,76birdindividuals belonging to19species were collected from the two markets in Shanghaiin2012from January to December. The prevalence of the Haemoproteus andPlasmodium were gained using the microscopic examination and methods inmolecular biology. The results showed the infection rates which detected bymicroscopic were lower than the methods in molecular biology. The prevalence of theHaemoproteus and Plasmodium was32.43%(24/74) and21.62%(16/74)，respectively,A new species, Haemoproteus shvrii n, sp” was also found in grey-backed thrush(Turdus hortulorum). The phenomena of the prevalence of avian blood parasites were common in Shanghai. These results would provide basic information for thedevelopment of control strategies against avian blood parasite in Shanghai3.Investigation and species identification on avian Cryptosporidium in ShanghaiTo investigate the prevalence of avian Cryptosporidium in Shanghai,177freshfecal samples of38species birds were collected from the two markets in Shanghai in2012(February, May, August, November). The results gained using the methods inmolecular biology showed the infection rates of avian Cryptosporidium were12.43%.9species birds were infected with avian Cryptosporidium and the rate of pigeon wasthe highest. C. baileyi, C. meleagridis and C. galli were detected in this study, and C.galli was the first reported in Shanghai. Though the infection rate of avianCryptosporidium was not high，avian Cryptosporidium still had becoming dangerousto the public. These results would remind public to pay more attention to theprotection when they were close to the bird.4.The coccidia species identified and Cydospora survey of birds in ShanghaiTo investigate species identification on avian coccidium and investigation onCydospora in Shanghai,13fresh fecal samples of13species were chosen through thetest which detected coccidium. The species of avian coccidium were detected bymicroscope morphological observation after culture. And five identiifcation specieswere detected, which were Eimeria labbeana, Eimeria columbarum, Isosporapyenonotae, Isospora lacazei, Isospora garrulae. The One species of Cyclosporaoocyst was detected through microscopy in this study.174fresh fecal samples of38species were collected from the two markets in Shanghai in2012(February, May,August, November). The results showed there were no avian Cyclospora in this study,but114fresh fecal samples of27species were infected Eimeria in molecular biology.These results would provide basic information for the development of controlstrategies against avian coccidiosis in Shanghai.