The Influence Of Different Tillage And Fertilization Measures On Water Utilization Of Winter Wheat And Summer Corn In Langfang Area

Water shortage is the main factor restricting agricultural development in our country. In order to improve water utilization efficiency of the winter wheat and summer corn farmland, this paper studies the influence of combination tillage measures of rotary tillage, no-tillage, straw with full amoun returning to filed,as well as combination fertilization measures of chemical fertilizer.organic fertilizer and straw, on farmland water of winter wheat and summer corn crop rotation system in sandy loam soil farmland of Langfang area.The results show that as below:1. Straw with full amount returning to filed is beneficial to expand the storage capacity of soil,increase water content of arable layer soil and pondage of soil,as well as to increase the water fill rate of winter wheat, reduce water deficiency quantity of farmland, adjust water balance of farmland,reduce ineffective evaporation of soil water of summer corn, thus to make full use of the water. Compared with no straw returning to filed, the yields of winter wheat and summer corn with straw returning to filed increase respectively by3.65%and16.7%, and the water utilization efficiency increase respectively by2.9%and17.4%.2. Different tillage and fertilizing measures have different influence on the physiological characteristics of the different growth periods of smmer corn. The tillage measures of no-tillage in summer, rotary tillage in autumn and straw returning to field, as well as the fertilization measures of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and straw have signicant influence on chlorophyll a content of summer corn in flowering period, in the meantime, can enhance net photosynthetic rate of the leaf blade and active absorption capacity of root. Among them, net photosynthetic rate of leaf blade and yield present highly significant quadratic curve relationship (P<0.01);Root system bleeding and yield in the jointing stage of summer corn under tillage measures present significant quadratic curve relationship (P<0.05); Root system bleeding and yield in the flowering period and pustulation period of summer corn under the fertilization measures present significant quadratic curve relationship (P<0.05). 3. The tillage measures of no-tillage in summer, rotary tillage in autumn and straw returning to field, can increse pontage of soil, and effective water consumption of crops, in the meantime, can increase significantly the overall yield and water utilization efficiency of winter wheat and summer corn. Among them, compared with no-tillage, the maximum growth rate of yield and water utilization efficiency of winter wheat with rotary tillage are respectively1300kg/hm2and40%;. compared with rotary tillage, the maximum growth rate of yield and water utilization efficiency of summer corn with no-tillage are respectively200kg/hm2and11.9%;4. Increasing organic fertilizer application and straw returning to field on the basis of applying fertilizer is most beneficial to improve soil pondage, crop water consumption, leaf photosynthesis, crop yield and water utilization efficiency. This measure can adjust farmland water,enhance water fill rate of winter wheat farmland, reduce ineffective loss of summer corn farmland water,to make reasonable and efficient utilization of farmland water. Among them,Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), the combination of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and straw (NPKSM) increases the yield of winter wheat and summer corn respectively by27.4%and7%.and improve their water utilization efficiency respectively by17.6%and2.1%.