| Binchuan of Yunnan is one of the main producing areas of burley tobacco in China.Burley tobacco is the main raw material of blended type cigarette. High quality andsuitable yield of tobacco would ensure obtaining double benefits of famers and thenation. In order to determine the suitable production levels and yield factors of burleytobacco in Binchuan, the experiments related with nitrogen application and harvestableleaves were conducted in Binchuan County of Yunnan from2011to2012. The mainresults were as follows:1With the increase of the number of remaining leaves, leaf specific weight, singleleaf weight and stem weight gradually decreased, both showing the trend of uppers>cutters> lugs, and the stem ratio tended to decrease showing lugs>cutters> uppers.When the leaf number was set at18, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area fromdifferent leaf positions were maximum, and it was the contrary when the leaf numberwas set at27. With the increase of the number of remaining leaves,reducing sugar andnicotine contents had the trend of decrease; nicotine content was higher when the leafnumber were set at18and21,and it was the appropriate range when the leaf numberwas set at27, when the leaf number was set at24,it was best; total sugar tended to firstdecrease and then increased and nitrogen tended to first increase and then decrease;nitrogen/nicotine tended to increase;sugar/nicotine tended to increase; totalsugar/reducing sugar tended to first increase and then decrease，when the leaf numberwas set at24,it was highest. With the increase of the number of remainingleaves,tobacco production had the trend of rise; output and fine tobacco ratio had thetrend of decrease, and then lower,the average price and proportion of middle ratiohad the trend of first decrease and then increase, those were the highest when the leafnumber was set at24. All the indicators, Burley TN86remained leaf number24wasappropriate.2It indicated that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer amount applied, average price, fine tobacco ratio and proportion of middle ratio had the trend of increase andthen decrease, when the nitrogen was set at195~330kg·hm-2and the leaf number wasset at18~27pieces. Had an effect on smoking results under the interaction of thenitrogen and the leaf number. The result showed that there was the highest total mark ofsmoking when the nitrogen was set at285kg·hm-2and the leaf number were set at24pieces. As to physical characteristics, chemical compositions and economic index, allthe indexes aside from total nitrogen displayed the order of F value that nitrogenapplication> remaining leaf number> interaction of the nitrogen and the leaf number.According to comprehensive analysis，the range of tobacco different indexes weresuitable when the nitrogen was set at285kg·hm-2and the leaf number was set at24.3The results showed that the effect of the nitrogen and the leaf number on theyield level direct primarily effect, indirect effect was small. The relationship betweenoutput value, average price, fine tobacco ratio, proportion of middle ratio and yield,single leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and stem weight had quadraticcurves relationships. With the amount of yield increased, they all first increased thendecreased. The most suitable single leaf weight range of uppers, cutters, lugs were12.46g~13.52g,9.49g~10.97g,8.35g~8.71g, respectively. The most suitable leaflength range of uppers, cutters, lugs were73.85cm~76.36cm,71.50cm~71.94cm,64.67cm~64.90cm, respectively. The most suitable leaf width range of uppers, cutters,lugs were32.95cm~33.31cm,28.16cm~28.41cm,24.75cm~25.12cm, respectively. Themost suitable leaf area range of uppers, cutters, lugs were1313.33cm2~1801.66cm2,1157.67cm2~1298.11cm2,989.25cm2~1452.5cm2, respectively. The most suitable stemweight range of uppers, cutters, lugs were4.59g~4.70g,4.03g~4.13g,3.49g~3.60g,respectively.4When the contents of the brown chemical reaction, products of degradationphenylalanine, products of degradation carotenoid, products of degradation membrane,products of degradation chlorophyII and total contents of neutral aroma componentsexcept neophytadiene of uppers were maximum of the aroma according to theclassification of degradation products, the range of yield, single leaf weight, leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of uppers were2999kg hm-2~3438.75kg hm-2,11.20g~12.27g,72.65cm~75.23cm,32.81cm~33.72cm,1507.75cm2~1776.67cm2,respectively. When the contents of the brown chemical reaction, products of degradationphenylalanine, products of degradation carotenoid, products of degradation membrane,products of degradation chlorophyII and total contents of neutral aroma components except neophytadiene of cutters were maximum of the aroma according to theclassification of degradation products, the range of yield, single leaf weight, leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of cutters were2558.25kg hm-2~3401kg hm-2,8.53g~9.81g,70.63cm~71.67cm,27.93cm~28.24cm,1233.25cm2~1307.92cm2, respectively.5Evaluation of tobacco leaf samples after grouping, the results showed that all theindexes of samples were the suitable and the grouping samples can be considered as therepresent of high quality and suitable yield of tobacco in Binchuan County of Yunnan.Leaf length, leaf width, remaining leaf area, stem ratio and single leaf weight of thewhole leaves of burley tobacco showed that uppers>cutters>lugs. The range of stemratio of high-quality burley tobacco was23.13%~33.78%; the range of reducing sugarcontent was0.39%~0.55%, showed that lugs>cutters> uppers; the range of nicotinecontent was1.87%~3.65%; the range of total nitrogen content was1.64%~3.84%, thecontent of nicotine and total nitrogen showed that the maximum of uppers. The range ofpotassium was3.30%~4.01%; the range of potassium content was3.30%~4.01%; therange of chlorine content was0.89%~1.24%. |
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