Effect Of Different Organic Materials On The Formation Of Soil Aggregates And Change Of Biological Characteristics In Chao Soil

Setting the soil samples in low-yielding fields in Chao soil region of Henan Province asthe research objects and using the processing method of different organic materials withdifferent content returning back to soil, we get soil samples of the experimentation, thendetermining the soil respiration test on soil samples to make sure the effects of differentorganic materials returning on soil microorganisms and then making a classification of soilsamples, determining the contents of particulate organic matter and effective nutrient, todetermine the differences of soil aggregate quantity characteristics, organic matter, nutrientdistribution and soil enzyme. The results are as follows:Soil respiration rate of straw returning treatment is far greater than the manuresimulation treatment. Application of single content of treatments, Soil respiration rate ofstraw returning treatment reaches0.9-1.9mg/g d. Respiration rate of dung treatment is only0.17-0.26mg/g d. There is a significant enhance between the double amount treatment andthe single amount treatment. The range of enhance is13%-91%but the range of enhance ofdung treatment is just1%-46%. Under the condition of mixed treatments double amount oftreatments are0.83-1.98times of single amount. Although the respiration rate increased,the amount of increasing is not times. There is a law of diminishing returns in the soilrespiration rate. Soil respiration rate is similar to the Dissociation-One phase exponentialdecay equation and R2is equal to0.687-0.987. The accumulation of soil respiration issimilar to the First order equation and Two-constant equation and R2is equal to0.94-0.968.The fractal dimension of soil is between2.52and2.72. The number of fractaldimension decreases with the organic material increasing. Comparing with the referencesample,1.80%is reduced in straw returning treatment,2.69%in manure treatment,5.05%insingle amount of mixed treatment and5.47%in double amount of mixed treatment.The different treatments of particulate organic matter content are in the range of3.04-23.2g/kg. The blank treatment content of particulate organic carbon is7.06g/kg, thefertilization content is5.54%-145%higher than the blank treatment. The content of manuretreatments on soil particulate organic matter is of little value, only enhances0.4-3.0g/kg,but mixed treatments are the double times of the amount of singles.The content of available nutrients of each particular level increases when organicmaterials added. In the level of <0.053mm, the content of available nitrogen is88mg/kg. The fertilization content is13.4%-44%higher than the reference treatment. No significantdifference in the straw returning treatment or between the straw returning treatment andmanure treatment. In the level of0.1~0.25mm, the content of reference treatment is13mg/kg and increases109%-407%when organic materials are added. In the level of <0.053mm, the average of content of available kalium is175mg/kg and50~170mg/kghigher than the reference treatment of101mg/kg. The variation trend is the same: doublecontent treatment is higher than the single content treatment and there is a significantdifference between them, straw returning treatment is higher than the manure treatment andmixed treatment is higher than the single treatment. In the level of <0.053mm, the contentof available phosphorus is between47mg/kg and65mg/kg and8~25mg/kg higher than thereference treatment. The maximum content is65mg/kg of “pig manure8” and others’ areabout50mg/kg.The soil fluorescein diacetate esterase: The FDA content of dung treatment is the least,0.355~2.018ug/g·20min. The mixed treatment is higher than the single treatment and thecontent is2.587~3.813ug/g·20min, higher than the reference content of1.011ug/g·20min.The soil urease content is57~70mg/100g·24h and about10mg/100g·24h higher than thereference treatment. The soil alkaline phosphatase content of dung treatment is0.083~0.157mg/100g and just best than the reference treatment. There is no significant differencein any treatment. The soil catalase content is0.168~0.203mL/g. The mixed treatmentscontent are higher than dung treatments’ but no significant difference.