| Nitrogen and sulfur are essential mineral nutrients to plants growth, and they play anirreplace role in the physiological and biochemical functions, growth, grain yields and qualitybuild-up in plants. To evaluate the effects of nitrogen and sulfur application on the absorptionand translocation of N and S and grain yield of winter wheat (C.V. Xiaoyan22) in Guanzhongarea, Shaanxi province. Field experiments were conducted with a complete randomized blockdesign with Sulfur (S) and a central composite rotatable design with two factors Nitrogen (N)and Sulfur (S). The biomass, grain yield, and absorption and translocation of nitrogen andsulfur, and their use efficiency of winter wheat were determined, and the initially identifiednitrogen rate and sulfur rate in this region. The results showed that:(1) The application of sulfur fertilization can increase dry matter accumulation and grainyield. Grain yield increased as the S application rate increased, and grain yield was30.14%higher in the S150kg·hm-2treatment than in the unfertilized treatment. Combined applicationof N and S fertilizers at appropriate rates could increase grain yield. Highest grain yieldsestimates (≥3753kg·hm-2) were achieved with the combination of a high N rate (178~256kg·hm-2) and medium S rate (132~168kg·hm-2).2) S concentrations in winter wheat plants gradually increased as the S application rateincreased. In contrast, N concentrations increased, reached a maximum, and then decreased asthe S application rate increased. The application of S fertilizer increased N and S translocationfrom vegetative organs to grain after anthesis. The N translocation rates (71.40%~75.27%)were much higher than those of S (25.84%～35.92%). The application of S fertilizer alsoincreased the contribution of both N and S translocation to grain. Correlation analysis showedthat the N/S ratio at the booting stage was closely related with grain yield.3) The application of nitrogen and sulfur could improve absorption and translocation ofnitrogen and sulfur of winter wheat. N and S accumulation reached the peak from raisingstage to anthesis stage, and accounted for28.71~44.77%N and40.11~50.43%Saccumulation during the whole growth season, respectively. In N2(108kg·hm-2) or S2(97.5kg·hm-2) rates, nitrogen and sulfur accumulation increased significantly with increasing sulfur or nitrogen application input. In N3(187.5kg·hm-2) or S3(150kg·hm-2) rates, nitrogen andsulfur content increased, and then reached flats with increasing sulfur or nitrogen input.4) With the combined application of N and S, grain filling followed a “S” curves whichincluded lag, log, linear, and senescence phases. With108and267kg N hm-2, grain fillduration, theoretical maximum grain yield, and average filling rate decreased as S applicationrate increased. With97.5and202.5kg S·hm-2, N application improved grain filling parametervalues. With187.5kg N·hm-2or150kg S·hm-2, the parameters values increased, reached amaximum, and then decreased as S or N input increased.5) The apparent nitrogen recovery ranged22.63~52.12%, physiological nitrogenefficiency of28.96~37.12kg·kg-1. The apparent sulfur recovery between3.88%and9.51%,physiological sulfur efficiency of243.80~270.12kg·kg-1.Nitrogen rate and sulfur rate had noconsistent influences on apparent nitrogen (sulfur) recovery and physiological nitrogen (sulfur)efficiency. In low nitrogen level, apparent nitrogen recovery and physiological nitrogenefficiency decreased, then stabilized as the S application rate increased. In contrast, apparentsulfur recovery and physiological sulfur efficiency decreased. In low sulfur level, apparentnitrogen recovery and physiological nitrogen efficiency decreased the N application rateincreased. Apparent sulfur recovery decreased, then increased and physiological sulfurefficiency decreased as the S application rate increased. In medium or high N level or S level,apparent nitrogen (sulfur) recovery and physiological nitrogen (sulfur) efficiency decreased,then increased as the S (N) application rate increased. |
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