Effect Of Organic Manure Application Combined With Different Rates Nitrogen Fertilizer On Yield, Water And Nitrogen Utilization Of Winter Wheat And Soil Nutrition On Weibei Dryland

Winter wheat is the main crop of Weibei dryland in Shaanxi. The winter wheatproduction in the Weibei dryland area is limited by natural precipitation and the soil fertility islow, that lead to the low yield. Seeking a reasonable fertilization way to improve soilfertility,improve water storage and utilization efficiency is very important..In this study, we set winter wheat field in in Shaanxi Baishui district, from September2011to June2013. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of combinationof different rates of nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure on winter wheat yield and plantgrowth., water and nitrogen use efficiency and soil nutrients, designed to provide a theoreticalbasis for winter wheat fertilizing in this area.The main conclusions included:1(1)Everage yield of the main processings2011-12(rainy year):CF-5770kg/ha(150kgN/ha), CF+organic matter-6016kg/ha (225kgN/ha),the yield increase4.26%by the useof organic matter;2011-12(dry year): CF-2316kg/ha (225kgN/ha), CF+organic matter-2660kg/ha (225kgN/ha),the yield increase14.9%by the use of organic matter.(2)In wet year,theusage of organic would reduce wheat grain weight,had no effect on grain number, theeffective panicles increased15.8%and6.3%in two years by the use of organic matter.(3)Thepopulation quantity of the winter wheat addition after seeding, reviving stage was the highest,and redused since the jointing stage.The use of organic matter increased wheat spike rate,compared with CF treatments improved7.5%and21.1%respectively.2(1) The organic manure was beneficial for topsoil to retain water, with the increase ofyield more water in2m soil profile was used.(2) Precipitation in summer fallow periodlimited the water use in the deeper soil depth by wheat plants, with the increase of nitrogenwater content above the140cm was increased.(3) The leaf WUE and WUEi in jointing stageis higher by the use of organic manure, the level of150kgN/ha is the highest.(4) The watercontent of various wheat organs at flowering stage was higher by using organic manure,225kgN/ha was the highest among these levels. Considering the yield and environmental risks, inthe condition of using Organic manure, the nitrogen fertilizer in150kgN/ha or more lower is appropriate to this region.3(1) The organic manure was beneficial for improving NPK uptake and NPK harvestindex on wet year than drought.(2)The utilizing depth of N-NO3in soil mianly above140cm，a considerable part of N-NO3was from organic manure, high nitrogen usage togetherwith organic matter exacerbation the leach depth of N-NO3.(3)With the increase of nitrogenusage, nitrogen utilization and PFP get lower, the organic matter reduced nitrogen utilizationbut improve the PFP. The effect of organic matter on nitrogen physiological efficiency isdifferent for different precipitation, sufficient watter helps inmprove the efficiency of nitrogenphysiological.4(1) Soil organic matter content under the same nitrogen level,0-20cm soil layer in CFtreatments higher on average5%;20-40cm soil layer in CF+organic matter treatments higheron average41.3%. Soil nitrogen and organic matter content variation is similar, were notsignificant. among different treatments.(2)0-40cm soil available phosphorus and potassiumapplication in150kgN/ha were highest in different deputy treatments.By the use of organicmatter the soil available phosphorus content on the0-20cm and20-40cm soil layer werehigher by187%and546%respectively;As the sme, soil available potassium were higherby29%and32%respectively.