| This study was explored the effect of farmland straw returning and fertilizer treatmentson soil temperature, moisture content, soil organic matter content and soil respiration rate,aimed at promoting farmland production towards the sustainable high yield, saving fertilizerdevelopment provides theory basis. In Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province, under the modeof winter-wheat and summer-maize, gave priority to with3different amount of strawreturning, deputy district for three different fertilizer rate, a total of nine, in October2012toSeptember2013, the determination of9different development stages of the winter wheat andsummer corn processing of soil respiration rate, temperature and soil moisture content, andbefore the winter wheat and summer corn harvest after the determination of soil organicmatter content, analysis of soil respiration rate and the correlation of soil temperature andmoisture content. Main conclusions were as follows:1. The winter wheat showed obvious seasonal change, soil respiration rate reduced in winterand then rise the next spring and then reduced, summer maize was evident single-peak curve.During the growth period of winter wheat, the mean value of soil respiration rate of S3M3was the biggest(889.47mg.m-2.h-1), S1M1is the min(536.66mg.m-2.h-1).In summer maizegrowth period, S3M3and S1M1were also the max and the min treatment. It showed thatstrawing-returning and fertilization can promote soil respiration rate.2. Daily variation of soil respiration of winter wheat and summer maize appeared asingle-peak curve, and soil respiration rate reached the maximum at16:00PM. In alltreatments, the mean daily variation of soil respiration rate of no straw returning or fertilizertreatment is the smallest.3. During the period of winter wheat and summer maize growth period, soil CO2emissions reached extremely significant difference among different treatments, the CO2emissions of S3M3in winter wheat and summer maize growth period were both the biggest,3889054Kg.hm-2and2377758Kg.hm-2respectively. S1M1was the minimum, only2470444Kg.hm-2and2470444Kg.hm-2, the difference of different treatment was significant. Strawreturning and fertilizer treatment promoted the soil CO2emissions. 4. Under the different treatments, the correlation between soil surface temperature(5cmand10cm) and soil respiration rate were significant or extremely significant, straw returningtreatment reduced the soil temperature of depths5cm and10cm. Straw returning treatmentdid not significantly improve the soil moisture content of surface0to20cm.5. Straw returning and fertilizer significantly improved the top layer of soil availablephosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, top-soil available potassium content and organicmatter content. Before planting, S3M3was maximum value (73.69mg. Kg-1) in top layer ofsoil available phosphorus content, S1M1(30.85mg. Kg-1) was minimum. After harvesting,S3M3(82.60mg. Kg-1)was still the biggest and S1M1(18.23mg.Kg-1) was thesmallest.compared with before planting, available phosphorus content of straw returning+100%fertilizer treatments (S3M3) content increased by12.09%, S1M1treatment decreasedby40.91%.No matter before planting or after harvesting, available potassium content was thebiggest of S3M3treatment, compared with before planting, available potassium contentincreased by9.62%, S1M1down14.49%. Before planting and after harvesting,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of S3M3was largest, increased by5.60%compared withbefore. S1M1decreased by57.16%after harvesting, a decrease in the top layer of soil organicmatter, and it’s the biggest drop in S2M1(44.81%) and S1M1(43.64%).6. The yield of winter wheat and summer maize reached a significant difference amongdifferent treatments. Production value of no straw returning or fertilizer treatment wasminimum, it showed that straw returning and fertilization treatment can obviously increasethe crop yield. S3M3was the largest treatment of Maize yield,1.22kg.hm-2, minimum wasS1M1, only0.73kg.hm-2, S2M3was the biggest of winter wheat yield,1.10kg.hm-2, theminimum treatment was S1M1(0.34kg.hm-2), compared with S1M1treatment, the yields ofmaize and wheat of S3M3and S2M3treatment increased by67.12%and67.12%respectively. |
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