Effects Of Soil Amendment Fertilizer On Crop Yield And Soil Fertility

In this study, organic and inorganic compound soil amendment fertilizer developed bythe organic shale, oil residue and chemical fertilizers was used to compare the effects ofdifferent amounts of soil amendment fertilizer, amendment material and traditionalfertilization (only chemical fertilizers) on crop yield, fertilizer nutrients use efficiency，topsoil soil nutrient contents, inorganic nitrogen and water content in layer of1meter on ananthropogenic loess soil by field experiment and lab analysis. Results showed that,(1) Traditional fertilization and soil amendment fertilizer can increase seed yield， strawyield and aboveground biomass, in which amendment fertilizer2(937.5kg/hm2) is the mosteffective for corn priduction, but amendment fertilizer3(1125kg/hm2) and traditionalfertilization did better for winter wheat priduction. Seed yield, straw yield and abovegroundbiomass were increased significantly with the application amount increasing of soilamendment fertilizer. Traditional fertilization and soil amendment fertilizer can increase N, Pand K uptakes of seed, straw and crop aboveground, in which traditional fertilization is betterthan amendment fertilizer on N uptake, but middle and high amount applications of soilamendment fertilizer are equal to traditional fertilization on P and K uptakes. With theapplication amount increasing of soil amendment fertilizer, N and P uptakes by corn increasedfirstly and decreased subsequently, while those uptakes by winter wheat continued to increase,and K uptake by both corn and winter wheat continued to increase also. In some treatments ofrelatively high yield, N use efficiency is the highest in amendment fertilizer2in corn season,the highest in equal fertilizer in winter wheat season, and the highest in amendment fertilizer1annually. P use efficiency is the highest inequal fertilizer in corn season, and the highest intraditional fertilization both in winter wheat season and annually. K use efficiency is thehighest in equal fertilizer whatever in corn season, winter wheat season and annually. Theaddition of amendment material had no significant effects on crop yield and fertilizer nutrientsuse efficiency.(2) Soil amendment fertilizer can effectively increase some total nutrients and availablenutrients contents of topsoil (0-20cm), such as soil organic matter, easily oxidized organiccarbon (KMnO4-C)，dissolved organic carbon (DOC)，DOC/SOC，total nitrogen，totalphosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen， total phosphorus, available phosphorus and KMnO4-C were increased with the amountincreasing of soil amendment fertilizer application. Traditional fertilization can increase soilorganic matter, available phosphorus and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) also, but is not aswell as soil amendment fertilizer. The addition of amendment material can increase theavailable potassium content.(3) High and midlle amount applications of soil amendment fertilizer can increaseNO3--N content in topsoil. Traditional fertilization can increase NO3--N content in the wholeof1meter profile, and there were NO3--N accumulation peaks at the soil layer of40-80cm,which is a risk of NO3--N leaching. Traditional fertilization and high amount application ofsoil amendment fertilizer increased the NO3--N accumulation of1meter profile year by year.On the contrary, the non-fertilizer treatment reduced the NO3--N accumulation year by year.Equal fertilizer kept the NO3--N accumulation of1m soil profile stable at the harvest times ofcorn and winter wheat. Different fertilization had no significant difference in the NH4+-Ncontent and accumulation. Traditional fertilization and soil amendment fertilizer can allincrease the use efficiency of soil water, in which the soil amendment fertilizer2(937.5kg/hm2) is the most effective.To sum up, the yield-increasing effect of soil amendment fertilizer is better than that oftraditional fertilization on corn, and is fairly equivalent on wheat. Soil fertility indices undersoil amendment fertilizer is higher than those under traditional fertilization such as, SOM,KMnO4-C, DOC, DOC/SOC, total Nitrogen, total phosphorus, available P, and available K.Meanwhile the effect of soil amendment fertilizer is better than that of traditional fertilizationalso could to reduce the risk of NO3--N leaching, and to improve water use efficiency and Nuse efficiency. According to the principle of crop yield enhancement, fertilizer saving, soilfertility improvement and environmental friendship, under the corn-winter wheat rotationwith irrigation condition in anthropogenic loess soil, the best application amount of soilamendment fertilizer is937.5kg/hm2on corn, and1125kg/hm2on winter wheat. Theconclusion was obtained in a relatively short time of a year of rotaion, and it needs to beverified further under the condition of field continuously.