The Difference Of Yield And Mechanism Of Drought Resistance Between Different Crop Varieties In Huang-huai-hai Plain

The Huang Huai Hai Plain is one of the most important grain producing areas inChina.The grain production of Henan province accounts for1/10of national output, wheatproduction accounts for1/4of national output, so the grain production of Henan play a decisiverole in national grain production. There are a lot of wheat and maize varieties pass throughvalidation in Henan province, but all these wheat and maize are far from reaching the expectedyield breeding, while the water deficiency may be the main factor leading to yield decrease. So,it is very important to study the adaptation to drought and drought resistance mechanismbetween different varieties of the crops in the area. The test selected21wheat and maizevarieties which were widely planted in Henan area of Fengqiu, set two processing irrigation andrain-fed to study the difference of yield and agronomic traits of different varieties underrain-fed conditions, and we select2wheat and maize variety for pot experiment, to explore themechanism of drought resistance of different cultivars from physiological angle. The mainachievements of this study are as follows:(1)The grain yield was reduced under rain-fed conditions. The average yield of21wheatvarieties was387.14kg/mu which was far greater than the rain fed conditions264.77kg/Mu.The result show that it is difficult to meet the water demand of wheat only relying on rain-fed, ithas significantly effect wheat yield under irrigation conditions. The height of wheat, paniclenumber, grain number per spike decreased under rain-fed conditions, and different genotypevarieties to drought forms adapt to different under rain-fed conditions. The correlation analysisshowed that the plant height and the grain number per ear and yield of wheat in WheatBreeding of high correlation, we should choose more grain number per spike, stable wheatheight varieties.Considering the yield and drought resistance coefficient, Luomai9with highyield, drought resistant is suitable for Rain-fed Conditions of cultivation.(2)Part of the maize varieties improve those yield, panicle number, grain number per spike,100kernel weight and other yield components and plant height, ear length under rain-fedconditions. Result show than it is feasible for maize only under rain-fed. and Some maizevarieties breeding may obtain higher yield under suitable conditions in rain-fed.Throughcorrelation analysis we found that the yield had a significant correlation with the maize earnumber,try to choose close planting maize varieties will get a high yield in the area.The yield oflongping206is more than600kg/Mu under both irrigated and rain-fed conditions, its droughtresistance coefficient is1.07,and its yield Increased14.04kg/mu under rain-fed conditions, it issuitable for planting in Henan Fengqiu. （3）Water stress significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoticadjustment substances in Aikang58and Fanmai8.The activity of SOD,POD, CAT, the contentof MDA and proline increased, while the content of soluble protein decreased. Differentvarieties show different drought resistance, the activity of SOD and pod are higher in Aikang58,while Fanmai8has much more CAT. Through correlation analysis we found that the yield ofwheat has a significant positive correlation with the SOD activity and significant negativecorrelation with the content of MDA at booting stage, it also has significantly negativecorrelation with the content of proline at filling stage.(4) Water stress increased the activities of antioxidant enzyme in Zhengdan958andNonghua101,it also influent the contents of osmotic adjustment substances.The activities ofSOD,POD,CAT was higher than that of the control level in the two maize varieties, and withthe stress time grow bigger difference. Different varieties show different drought resistance,theactivities of SOD and pod was higher in Aikang58while Nonghua101had a higher activity ofCAT at filling stage. Through correlation analysis we found that the biomass had a significantlynegative correlation with the content of proline while it had a very significantly positivecorrelation with the chlorophyll content during big trumpet period. The biomass had a verysignificantly negative correlation with antioxidant enzymes and proline while it also had a verysignificant positive correlation with the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein.