| In order to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture and husbandryand sustainable utilization of soil, and to reduce the inputs of nitrogen fertilizer andcommon plastic film in agricultural production, a completely randomized designexperiment was conducted at the Huangyang Town, Wuwei City, Gansu Province,Gansu Agricultural University Experiment Station from March to October in2013. Theexperiment followed a completely randomized split-plot design, taking croppingpatterns (maize monoculture, maize//hairy vetch intercropping and maize//commonvetch intercropping) as main plot treatment and mulching methods (common plasticfilm mulching, biodegradable film mulching, straw mulching and no-mulching) assplit-plot treatment. Effects of planting patterns and mulching methods on crops yields,hay yields, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutrients of hay yields, plant nitrogenuptake and nitrate nitrogen (NO—3-N) accumulation in soil were studied in theexperiment. Our results showed as following.In maize monoculture cropping, grain yields and WUE of maize grain yields underno-mulching were9418kg hm-2and7.21kg hm-2mm-1, respectively. Compared withno-mulching, the increases of maize grain yields were8.25%,5.36%and1.06%,respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and strawmulching. While increases of WUE of maize grain yields were16.92%,3.09%and18.45%, respectively. In maize//hairy vetch intercropping, grain yields and WUE ofmaize grain yields under no-mulching treatments were9454kg hm-2and8.04kg hm-2mm-1, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increases of maize grain yieldswere6.32%,5.21%and1.06%, respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradablefilm mulching and straw mulching. While increases of WUE of maize grain yields were12.31%,2.86%and14.55%, respectively. In maize//common vetch intercropping,grain yields and WUE of maize grain yields under no-mulching treatments were9354kg hm-2and7.96kg hm-2mm-1mm-1, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increases of maize grain yields were7.39%,6.00%and1.11%, respectively, underplastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While increasesof WUE of maize grain yields were6.53%,1.76%and14.20%, respectively. Grainyields and WUE of maize grain yields under maize monoculture were9763kg hm-2and8.60kg hm-2mm-1in average of4mulching methods, respectively. Compared withmaize monoculture, the decreases of maize grain yields and WUE of maize grain yieldswere0.11%and2.33%, respectively, in maize//hairy vetch intercropping. While thedecreases were0.72%and8.14%, respectively, in maize//common vetchintercropping.In maize//hairy vetch intercropping, hay yields and WUE of maize hay yieldsunder no-mulching were5013kg hm-2and6.36kg hm-2mm-1, respectively. Comparedwith no-mulching, the decreases of maize hay yields were7.92%,9.00%and5.84%,respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and strawmulching. While decreases of WUE of maize hay yields were5.98%,23.90%and4.56%, respectively. In maize//common vetch intercropping, hay yields and WUE ofmaize hay yields under no-mulching were5200kg hm-2and5.53kg hm-2mm-1,respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increases of maize hay yields were29.44%,38.37%and25.23%, respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradablefilm mulching and straw mulching. While increases of WUE of maize hay yields were22.42%,30.74%and16.64%, respectively. Hay yields and WUE of Hay yields were4728kg hm-2and5.80kg hm-2mm-1, respectively, in maize//hairy vetch intercropping.While were3991kg hm-2and4.60kg hm-2mm-1, respectively, in maize//commonvetch intercropping.In maize//hairy vetch intercropping, system biological yields (maize grain yields+maize straw yields+hay yields) yields and WUE of system biological yields underno-mulching treatments were7900kg hm-2and7.40kg hm-2mm-1, respectively.Compared with no-mulching, the increases of system biological yields were3.15%,2.05%and-0.48%, respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While increases of WUE of system biological yieldswere2.83%,-5.95%and7.85%, respectively. In maize//common vetch intercropping,system biological yields and WUE of maize system biological yields underno-mulching treatments were7965kg hm-2and6.62kg hm-2mm-1, respectively.Compared with no-mulching, the increases of maize system biological yields were1.90%,5.01%and4.95%, respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradable filmmulching and straw mulching. While increases of WUE of maize system biologicalyields were5.44%,-6.65%and6.80%, respectively. Grain yields and WUE of maizegrain yields under maize monoculture in average of4mulching methods were6346kghm-2and5.10kg hm-2mm-1, respectively. Compared with maize monoculture, theincreases of system biological yields and WUE of system biological yields were25.95%and49.02%, respectively, in maize//hairy vetch intercropping. While thedecreases were21.79%and39.22%, respectively, in maize//common vetchintercropping.In maize//hairy vetch intercropping, contents of crude protein, crude fat and crudeash of hairy vetch were29.45%,3.03%and16.30%, respectively. Compared withno-mulching, the decreases of crude protein contents of hairy vetch were5.26%,12.90%and3.72%, respectively, under plastic film mulching, degradable filmmulching and straw mulching. While decreases of crude fat contents were5.28%,12.87%and4.29%, respectively, and decreases of crude ash contents were5.21%,12.88%and4.42%, respectively. In maize//common vetch intercropping, contents ofcrude protein, crude fat and crude ash of common vetch were27.44%,2.83%and15.19%, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the decreases of crude proteincontents of hairy vetch were8.49%,25.04%and3.72%, respectively, under plasticfilm mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While decreases ofcrude fat contents were8.48%,25.09%and3.89%, respectively, and decreases ofcrude ash contents were8.49%,25.02%and3.69%, respectively. In average of4mulching methods, contents of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash of hairy vetch were24.88%,2.56%and13.78%, respectively. And contents of crude protein, crudefat and crude ash of common vetch were27.79%,2.86%and15.38%, respectively.At maize harvesting stage, maize plant nitrogen uptake and soil NO—3-Naccumulation in the maize planting belts were190.38kg hm-2and48.90kg hm-2undermaize monoculture cropping, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increasesof maize plant nitrogen uptake were28.95%,13.68%and39.47%, respectively, underplastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While theincreases of soil NO3--N accumulation in the maize planting belts were34.31%,27.34%and22.80%, respectively. In maize//hairy vetch intercropping, maize plantnitrogen uptake and soil NO—3-N accumulation in the maize planting belts were209.76kg hm-2and56.69kg hm-2, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increasesof maize plant nitrogen uptake were17.44%,7.36%and43.40%, respectively, underplastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While theincreases of soil NO3--N accumulation in the maize planting belts were25.00%,23.43%and21.52%, respectively. In maize//common vetch intercropping, maize plantnitrogen uptake and soil NO—3-N accumulation in the maize planting belts were215.61kg hm-2and52.94kg hm-2, respectively. Compared with no-mulching, the increases ofmaize plant nitrogen uptake were18.71%,12.61%and21.31%, respectively, underplastic film mulching, degradable film mulching and straw mulching. While theincreases of soil NO3--N accumulation in the maize planting belts were39.99%,32.92%and26.16%, respectively. In average of4mulching methods, maize plantnitrogen uptake and soil NO—3-N accumulation in the maize planting belts were undermaize monoculture were229.60kg hm-2and59.22kg hm-2, respectively. Comparedwith maize monoculture, the increases of maize plant nitrogen uptake and soil NO3--Naccumulation in the maize planting belts were6.94%and12.46%, respectively, inmaize//hairy vetch intercropping. While the increases were6.26%and11.53%,respectively, in maize//common vetch intercropping. In summary, considering for the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and water andthe dynamic changes of crop yield and nutrient of hay yields, maize//hairy vetchintercropping and plastic film mulching were the optimum for the agriculturalproduction in irrigated oases of Hexi Corridor. However, taking the ecological andenvironmental into considerations, maize//hairy vetch intercropping and degradablefilm mulching were the optimum. |
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