Study On High Yield Cultivation Techniques Of Grape In Changyi Area

Grape belongs to Victaceae, Vitis. Originated in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean coast, it is one of the earliest cultivated and the most widely distributed fruit in the world. Grape has very important edible, medicinal and ornamental functions; also it is of high nutritional value. Changyi district of Shandong is an important grape-producing unit, with its favorable climate, fertile soil, convenient transportation and abundant rainfall, this place is provided with natural advantages like high yield and good quality in growing grape. However, due to the large quantity of grape blossoms, the intense nutrient competition and insufficient self-pollination and other factors resulted in the exfoliation of a large number of flower buds and flowers. Meanwhile irrational cultivation practices, lacking proper water-fertilizer and pest and disease damage will bring about the arrested development of fruit in later stage, which can also lead to the abscission of fruits. This paper, based on the study of planting measures, grass mulching techniques, fertilization law, water management, tree pruning, flowers and fruits protecting technology, disease and pest control, tracks out the good quality and high yield grape comprehensive cultivation techniques that suit the characteristics of different periods in coastal areas of Shandong. The main findings are as follows:1. Grass mulching in the vineyard can improve the soil temperature and moisture, enhance the soil fertility, increase soil aggregate structure, prevent topsoil erosion, reduce water transpiration, and do a favor to the ecological environment in vineyards, which can not only contribute to the fertilization, weed eradication and antifreeze and so on, but also help trees to accumulate photosynthetic products as early as possible, and is conducive to the accumulation, decomposition and transformation of nutrients, thus promote the absorption of jujube tree roots and the fertile fruit percentage of grape.2. More organic fertilizer and less chemical fertilizer, and conducting macronutrient poly-ingredients fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can continue to improve soil fertility and save resources and finally achieve sustainable development. Fertilization is generally carried out in four periods, which are before the bud period, before flowering period, after flowering period and early berry coloring period, and base fertilize, topdressing and foliage spray should be combined, base fertilize can be combined with ploughing under to great depth in the autumn, based on organic fertilizer and mixed with proper chemical fertilizers can help promote grape production. Choose a specific spraying time according to the fertilizer types and their respective functions, topdress on the foliage 5-6 times a year, at the same time the workload can be reduced by mix applications of fertilizers in corresponding period.3. Due to the air dehumidification of the city in winter and spring, it is necessary to pour cold water before covering the roots with earth as winter protection, and cold water should be enough in order to maintain the soil moisture in winter and spring, which can improve plant’s ability to resist the cold. Normally after the grapes come up out of ground, an immediately watering becomes a must, and this is called germination water to promote tree sprout. Later on irrigate it once every half month; the watering 7-10 days before the emerging of blossoms after irrigation water is called promoting-flower water. Irrigation in flower season is inadvisable as it may cause the abscission of flowers and fruits, and 1-2 times promoting-fruit irrigation 10 days after the flowering can contribute to the rapid growth of the young fruit, enlarge the fruit size and improve quality.4. Take a well control of the application of nitrogen fertilizer; enhance foliage spray and plant hormones in flower season. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied from May to July should not exceed 20% of the total nitrogen fertilizer so as to ease the tree vigor; the nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 20% annual amount of nitrogen content in early autumn, and 60% in late autumn is advisable for the recovery of tree vigor as well as increasing the nutrition accumulation.Spray 0.1% concentration boric acid respectively 10 days before the flowering and the beginning time of flowering to promote glucose metabolism and protein synthesis, and promote pollen germination and the pollen tube growth, improve the bearing grape situation, and increase the percentage of fertile fruit. Tons of nutrients run to the treetop and sub-lateral shoots that thrive around the flower season, bringing about the conflict between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, resulting in the inordinate uneven nutrient allocation, which will seriously affect the fruit’s bearing, so it is a key part to adjust the nutrition distribution through girdling. Grape bagging usually starts about 20 days after flowering(i.e. after physiological fruit drop) and ends before the rainy season, if it is too late, as a result the fruit coloring will commence, and the sugar accumulation will be damaged, the bacteria can easily infect the fruits, sunburn and insect pest considerably will occur.