Effects Of Conservation Tillage On The Soil Nutrients Maintenance And Control Of Water Erosion Of Sloping Fafmland

The Loess Plateau is one of the most serious soil erosion area in the world.Slope farmland area is main cultivated area in the Loess Plateau,while Slope land in the Loess Plateau area have larger proportion, one of the most serious slope farmland soil erosion as well.It is vital significance for agricultural production of the Loess Plateau to learn and reduce water erosion with control soil erosion in this area.In this study, five conservation tillage experimental plots:No-tillage(NT), Straw mulching(SM), Plastic film mulching(PM), Ridging and plastic film mulching(RPM), Interplanting(In) are set on sloping farmland in the Shaanxi Shenmu Liudaogou basin, compared with the Conventional tillage(CK). Using field monitoring,indoor test and mathematical statistics method to explore the soil temperature, moisture, nutrients, runoff, physical properties and crop production principle with different conservation tillage measures in Loess Plateau.The different cultivation modes have carried on the comprehensive evaluation based on the BP artificial neural network to explore optimal scheme of slope to the implementation of conservation tillage and the most suitable conservation tillage measures for local area in water-wind erosion crisscross region.(1)In the absence of artificial into fertilizer, conservation tillage of farmland soil nutrients to maintain effect is better than conventional tillage.Straw mulching effectively improve the soil nutrient status of soil magnetism, other conservation tillage treatments also have a certain role in maintain soil nutrient.The organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content were significantly higher than conventional tillage in most years.(2)Conservation tillage could improve soil moisture content of soil magnetism,the plastic mulching, straw mulching and no-tillage effect were more significant; straw mulching can significantly increase the content of the deep water; after the rain, convention tillage with magnetism moisture content is higher.These conservation tillage measures, on soil temperature were in the high temperature cooling and at low temperature heat preservation effect, effect is one of the most obvious of straw mulching and ridging plastic mulching respectively.Ridging effect is most obvious in terms of reduced soil bulk density of plastic film mulching, no-till with straw mulching saturated hydraulic conductivity is the largest.(3)Interplanting, ridging and plastic film mulching model of soil and water conservation effect is best.Interplanting processing because of alfalfa absorbing ability, and the ground and plant residues of retardation, response to runoff is not obvious;Ridging mulching film as a result of the existence of ditch, ditch intercept a large amount of rainfall and runoff is small;Plastic mulching can effectively reduce runoff in rainfall is small, but the continuous rainfall, rainfall is larger or bigger due to less rainfall infiltration and runoff;Under the condition of normal rainfall, no-till relatively increased runoff, is mainly due to the no-tillage sheet has lower roughness, cause less obstacles on the runoff;Straw mulching and adsorption, because the ground straw blocking, also reduce the runoff.(4)In the absence of artificial into fertilizer, Straw mulching and plastic film mulching can effectively slow down the reduce of soybean production,With intense production, alfalfa interplanting some years even closer to the crop.Between the various processing have significant influence on the yield of crops, soybean production as a whole tendency in each year is RPM> SM>PM > NT > CK> In.(5)According to the result of the BP artificial neural network analysis, the comprehensive evaluation for different tillage: RPM> SM >PM > In>NT > CK.