| It is a unique way to embrittle the meat of grass carp by feeding broad beans. Feeding grass carp on broad beans also known as crisp grass carp in Guangdong province. However, because of the anti-nutrients and nutritional imbalance of broad beans, crisp grass carp always suffer from low growth performance and metabolic disorders. Lipid metabolism is an important part in nutrition metabolism, previous studies have shown that feeding broad bean affected the lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition in grass carp. Whereas the characteristics and mechanism of fat accumulation is not clear. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the effect broad beans grass on growth performance, serum lipids characteristic, fatty acid composition, enzyme activity and gene expression in grass carp. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the mechanism of lipid metabolism of grass carp feeding broad beans, providing references to aquaculture industry in crisp grass carp.(1) Select 89 d of grass fed soaked beans(beans group, the same below) and fed with ordinary commercial feed grass carp(control group) 16, anatomical sampling, measurement-related indicators. 1) beans grass carp liver body weight ratio, body fat ratio, body weight is longer than the visceral than were significantly(P <0.01) higher than that; 2) broad bean moisture content in grass carp muscle, liver and pancreas fat content significantly( P <0.05) higher than grass carp, other conventional ingredients no significant difference; 3) broad bean grass carp serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and triglycerides were significantly(P <0.01) higher than grass carp; 4) beans grass carp DHA abdominal fat tissue was significantly(P <0.05) than the control group carp, grass carp beans back muscles and liver and pancreas DHA concentration increased significantly(P <0.01) than the control group of grass carp. Beans of liver and pancreas and abdominal fat C18: 2n-6 concentration increased significantly(P <0.01) higher, but found no significant difference(P in muscle> 0.05). Compared to the control group, EPA content of beans group no significant difference(P> 0.05) in muscle, significantly reduced abdominal fat in the liver and pancreas tissue. 5) determination of the back muscles texture display, soak beans in grass fed back muscle hardness, adhesion, chewiness, restoring force, up compared with ordinary carp feed fed up 31.1%, respectively, 52.3%, 47.8%, 56.2 %. Tasting results, brittle grass carp meat juicy dropped by the 5.29 ± 0.66 to 3.79 ± 0.96, 4.67 ± 0.81 by the tenderness decreased to 3.25 ± 0.66, and the difference was significant(P <0.05).(2) 180 grass crap with the same size were selected and randomly divided into two groups(control group and broad beans group) with three replicates of 30. The feeding experiment lasted 150 d. The control group were fed artificial feed, whereas the broad beans groups were fed broad beans during the first 120 d, and artificial feed during the 120 ~ 150 d based on the practical production. Two fish were randomly sampled in 0,30,60,90,120 and 150 d from the two groups during the feeding experiment, which were used for further analysis. The results showed that: 1) the average weight gain of the control group was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the broad bean group. The control group showed significantly(P<0.05) lower feed conversion ratio than the beans group. In the 120 d and 150 d, the body fat ratio of the treatement was significantly(P<0.05) higher compared to the control. The control group and beans group hepatosomatic 90 d in the test showed the difference, beans grass carp liver body weight ratio was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the 120 d and 150 d, the body fat ratio was significantly(P<0.05) higher. Visceral than beans group gradually increased after 60 d were significantly(P <0.05) higher. Beans grass carp hepatopancreas crude fat were significantly(P <0.05) higher after 30 d beans group and the control group content in grass carp muscle fat no obvious rule.2) When fed beans 120 d, beans grass carp muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness, cohesiveness and gumminess increased by 39.76% compared with the control group, 37.20%, 92.82%, 30.43% and 68.17;3) beans serum total cholesterol and triglyceride content in 30 d, 60 d, 90 d, 120 d were significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group. Beans serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were not significantly(P>0.05) different with the control group at 30 d when, in the 60 d and 90 d was significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group. Beans grass carp serum LDL cholesterol have only 90 d with the control group was significantly(P<0.05) higher.4) beans grass carp hepatopancreas malate dehydrogenase activity at various times were significantly(P<0.05) higher. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in addition to the 150 d, the beans group were significantly(P<0.05) higher. Beans hepatopancreas in grass carp in lipoprotein lipase activity in the 30 d, 60 d, 90 d, 120 d, 150 d were significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group.5) After feeding broad bean on grass muscle, liver and pancreas, abdominal fat fatty acid composition have greater impact. Beans grass carp muscle PUFA content than the control group at 30 d but the difference was not significant(P>0.05), 60 d and later beans group were significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group. After the 60 d and 60 d beans group hepatopancreas C18: 3n-3 were significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group, beans group at 30 d although lower, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). After the 30 d and 30 d beans group hepatopancreas C22: 6n-3 were significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group. n-6 PUFA content at 30 d, beans group and the control group of grass carp abdominal fat showed a significant(P<0.05) difference, beans group than the control group. Beans group abdominal fat in n-3 PUFA Changes and n-6 PUFA similar to that in 30 d is significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group.6) after feeding the relative expression of FAS beans beans group after 30 d and the amount was significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group significantly(P<0.05) reduced the relative expression of LPL. When beans group ATGL 30 d relative expression was significantly increased relative expression gradually increased the amount of beans group CPT, in 30 d, 60 d, significantly(P<0.05) lower than the control group at 90 d, and in the 120 d and 150 d, the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Conclusion: Although The ability to synthesize lipid increased by feeding broad beans in grass carp, the ability to hydrolyze lipids decreased, which might lead to excessive fat accumulation. Moreover, feeding fish with broad beans also affected the lipid metabolism related biological characteristics, enzyme activity, gene expression and fatty acid composition. |
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