Study On The Effect Of Calcium To Ginseng

Calcium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and development, as an important role it can stabilize the cell membrane and cell wall, promote cell elongation and root growth improve plant resistance. Testing with 3 year old ginseng as test material, grown by hydroponics in greenhouse, set four steps of Ca2+ concentration, study of calcium on some biological characters, physiological indexes, distribution of calcium under ultrastructural of ginseng. These can provide a theoretical basis ginseng nutrition diagnosis of calcium and fertility. Research results following:1. High calcium group ginseng chlorophyll content minimum for 2.692 mg/g, the ratio of chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b Supreme for 2.602, it showed that high calcium hinder the synthesis of ginseng leaves chlorophyll, but improved leaves light collection which catching light capacity. low calcium damaged the permeability of membrane, increases electrolyte leakage rate of ginseng stems, its electrolyte leakage rate was 35.64%, it was as 2.1 times than the normal group. Ginseng root activity compared: normal group > high calcium group > low calcium group(P<0.05). Calcium deficiency will seriously affect the normal physiological activity of roots, stems and leaves of ginseng, lead resistance to adversity of ginseng became lower.2.Through on elements analysis of each organ in ginseng, found that there was no significantly effects of the absorption on N, and Mn and the Al elements when Ca increased or reduced; The absorption of P reduced when Ca supplied insufficient. As the concentration of Ca increased, the content of Ca in each organ of ginseng corresponding increased.Low concentration of Ca promoted the absorption of K, high concentration of Ca inhibited the absorption of K. The absorption of Mg and Fe were negative correlation with Ca concentration, high concentration of Ca inhibited the absorption of them. Ca inhibited the absorption of Cu. High concentration of Ca inhibited the transportation of Zn to the aboveground in ginseng.3. Through the method of Tessier and the observation with electron microscope researched the exists of form and distribution of calcium, results showed that: most of the calcium was calcium oxalate in ginseng roots, most of the calcium was calcium pectin in ginseng stems and leaves. Calcium pectin t maintained the integrity of cell wall and the permeability of cell membrane. Deficiency of calcium caused the damage of cell organelle in ginseng roots, stems and leaves. Most excess calcium exchanged into calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in ginseng leaves; The cell wall of ginseng stems thickened under high concentration of calcium.4. By analyzed the biological characters and the content of ginsenoside, found that insufficient supply of calcium caused dwarf plants, atrophy leaf, reduced leaf area. Ginseng of high calcium group grew worse than that in normal group. Calcium deficiency made ginseng stem shrink,that hinder the capability of support and transport. low calcium group presented weak roots with a few of brown red lateral roots, while high calcium group developed lateral roots compared with normal group. The stress of Ca reduced the content of ginsenoside.Calcium effects the metabolism of ginseng, biological characters, inorganic elements, accumulation of calcium in the morphology and distribution of ginseng and saponin synthesis. These indexes can be used as the diagnostic standard of ginseng calcium nutrition. The suitable concentration of calcium can improve the resistance of ginseng. It can guide rational fertilization in the production practice.