| Persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars exhibited complex flower sex. There are 3 major types of gender including male, female and hermaphrodites flowers in persimmon. Most commercial persimmon cultivars bear only female flowers, while few cultivars bear male flowers on the same tree which called monoecious types. Up to now, there are very few suitable pollinizer cultivars in professional industry, those existed pollinizer cultivars showed a short term of bloom with unstable pollen germinability. Several Diospyros spp. androecious germplasm were collected from Dabieshan area in Luotian County of Hubei Province. Those staminate germplasm bear only male flowers and this characteristic maintained for over 10 years. Those androecious germplasm with high pollen number and germination rates on stigma. Flowering date of those androecious genotypes can last 10-15 days, which accommodate to the leading pistillate cultivars flowering time. The influence of those special androecious germplasm as pollinizer on the leading cultivars are not well understood. In the present study, we use ‘Soshu’(J-PCNA) as female parents and androecious genotypes as pollinizer with ‘Zenjimaru’ as control to investigate the fruits external and internal quality. The following results may help us realize the application value of those persimmon androecious genotypes.1. Pollen biology characteristic of androecious genotypes were investigated. Male type No.1, 2, 3, 8 and 10 should be hexaploid as ‘Luotian Tianshi’ according to flow cytometry analysis. Typical pollen characteristic were observed by SEM observation. Pollen of Male type No.1, 3, 8 and ‘Zenjimaru’ could germinate on the stigma and penetrate into style of ‘Soshu’. The germination rate in vitro of Male type No.1 was highest(43.4%) among staminate genotypes. The germination rate in vitro of Male type No.3 or Male type No.8 was similar to ‘Zenjimaru’. The blooming period of Male type No.1, 3, 8 satisfied the popular cultivars pistillate flowering time, but flowering time of ‘Zenjimaru’ will miss the female blossom of late-ripening cultivars. The traits of androecious genotypes showed superior to ‘Zenjimaru’.2. The effects of pollinizer to the fruit setting, yield and external quality is quite different. ‘Soshu’ obtained the higher percentage of fruit setting by using Male type No.1, 3, 8 than ‘Zenjimaru’ as pollinizer. The fruit weight of ‘Soshu’ pollinated with Male type No.1, 8 were higher than ‘Zenjimaru’. The yield of ‘Soshu’ was evaluated to be highest when using Male type No.8 as pollen donor. ‘Soshu’ fruits showed different fruit juice color, seed shape index or color by using different pollinizer.3. The effects of pollinizer to the fruit inernal quality. The concentration of TSS, total sugar, TA, Vc, soluble tannin and insoluble tannin and fruit firmness of ‘Soshu’ fruits showed significant difference upon different pollen source. The highest concentration of TSS, total sugar, TA of ‘Soshu’ fruit exhibited when using ‘Zenjimaru’, Male type No.8 and Male type No.3 as pollinizer tree, respectively. The soluble tannin concentration in ‘Soshu’ fruits by pollinizer of Male type No.1, 3 and 8 was lower than ‘Zenjimaru’, while contrary for insoluble tannin. PCA analysis showed that the combination of ‘Soshu’× ‘Zenjimaru’ won the highest score.In summary, the fruit internal quality of ‘Soshu’ בZengjimaru’ showed a superior result. For comprehensive consideration including the pollen amount, germinability, flowering period of androecious genotypes and their influence on ‘Soshu’, Male type No.8 should be an attractive option. |
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