Effects Of Film Mulching And Straw Mulching On Growth,Yield And Quality Of Garlic

Aimed on the “White Pollution” caused by the universal utilization of conventional film mulching, the biodegradation film mulching and straw mulching were chosen to research the soil moisture, soil temperature, soil nutrients, the change of soil enzymes, as well as the yield and quality of garlic planted under the coverage of those environmental friendly mulching films from the year 2013 to 2014. A series of experiments were carried out in the experiment base is located in Bianqiao town, Pingyi county, Shandong province with the comparison of conventional film mulching and no mulching. The results were concluded as follows:(1) The effects of different cover material on the soil moisture and temperature In the 5 cm deeply of soil, the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching treatment in the stage of germination, seedling and bulbification is higher than conventional film mulching 1.22%,1.00%,1.82%, higher than straw mulching 2.93%,2.00%,5.64% and higher than no mulching 12.76%,10.46%,12.9%; in the stage of elongation, the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching treatment is lower than conventional film mulching 0.18%, higher than straw mulching and no mulching 1.95% and 4.96% respectively. In the 10 cm deeply of soil, the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching treatment in the stage of germination and seedling is higher than conventional film mulching 0.70% and 2.50%, in the stage of elongation and bulbification is higher than 2.60% and 1.30%; while the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching in the four stages are lower than straw mulching 0.90%, 2.80%, 3.60% and 2.60% and higher than no mulching 12.40%, 13.10%, 3.6% and 6.9%. In the 5 cm deeply of soil, the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching treatment are sightly higher than straw mulching treatment in the four stages, while in the 10 cm deeply of soil, the soil moisture of biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching treatment are sightly lower than straw mulching treatment in the four stages. Known from the above data, the water retention of biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching is significantly higher than no mulching and the water retention effect of biodegradation film mulching treatment in 5 cm and 10 cm deeply is similar to conventional film mulching treatment.Temperature difference of the 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm between the stage of germination, seedling, elongation and bulbification in the treatment of biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching is less than 1℃; temperature difference of the 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm between the stage of germination, seedling, elongation and bulbification in the treatment of biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching is higher than no mulching 2-4℃. Combined all results, both biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching play a obvious effect on heat preservation in the stage of germination and seedling.(2) Effect of biodegradation film mulching and straw mulching on soil nutrients and enzymes The experiment showed that all the cover materials could increase the soil nutrients and had the same promotion effect compared to each other. The activity of soil enzymes was very sensitive to environment changes in this experiment, and the activity of invertase, urease and phosphatase under the treatment of biodegradation film mulching compared with the no mulching, while showed no difference with the conventional film mulching, and all the enzyme activities decreased along with the depth of soil. The activity of urease and phosphatase under the treatment of biodegradation film mulching and straw mulching showed no difference with the conventional film mulching.(3) Effect of biodegradation film mulching and straw mulching on growth of garlicAll the cover materials could accelerate the growth of garlic, of which the conventional film mulching and biodegradation film mulching had much more obvious effects. Compared with no mulching, the average height of garlic increased by 4.29%,12.61% and 16.70% covered respectively by straw mulching, biodegradation film mulching, and conventional film mulching. While the increase of dry biomass increased were 6.12%,19.78% and 22.25%. The height and biomass of garlic covered by conventional film mulching and biodegradation film mulching had a significant difference(P﹤0.05)with no mulching, however, there were no obvious difference between straw mulching and biodegradation film mulching.The soluble sugar、soluble protein and allicin of biodegradation film mulching increased by 12.61%,19.78%,2.35%,6.06%,5.84% compared respectively with no mulching treatment.The analysis of yield characteristic indicated that the garlic yield of straw mulching, biodegradation film mulching and conventional film mulching treatments increased by 17.08%,31.64% and 38.32% were great significance(P﹤0.05)with no mulching.As a conclusion, compared with normal film, the biodegradation film mulching had the same promotion effect on garlic growth and soil environment, which means that it can replace the conventional film mulching so as to resolve the 〝white pollution〞 problems. The approach of straw mulching needs more research because unstable promotion effect on garlic growth.