Preliminary Study On Polination Biology Of Prunella VulgarisL

Prunella vugaris L.(Labiatae) is a perennial herb. The dried spica of P.vulgaris, known as Prunellae Spica,is a traditional Chinese medicine, Pungent and bitter in flavor, cold in nature, and widely used in clinical application. The wild resources of P.vulgaris is wide spreaded in our country, but human activity brings about habitats fragmentation, warrants the conservation of genetic diversity. Currently, cultivated P.vulgaris gradually replaced the wild herbs, to become the market mainstream. Promote the cultivation of good breeding is a effective measure to ensure the quality of medicinal materials. Recent years, the researchs are focused on the chemical composition, quality control, cultivation physiology, genetic diversity etc, but fewer studies on pollination biology. Natural population and laboratory cultivation of P.vulgaris were regarded as test material, preliminary study were conducted on blossom biology characteristics, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollination mechanism, breeding system. The results are as follows:1. laboratory cultivation of P.vulgaris was regarded as test material, inflorescence and flower dynamic were observed, internal architecture of the flower was observed with microscope and anatomical lens.The results showed that2flowers opened first and4flowers opened on the next day in each round of the inflorescence;1-2round of the inflorescence blossom everyday until the end of the florescence; inflorescence anthesis are7-14days, single flowering time are1-2days, mostly blossom at08:00-10:00am, and fall off next morning; anatomy study showed that the anther has been brought before blossom, and some stigmas have pollen on the surface.2. laboratory cultivation of P.vulgaris was regarded as test material, pollen viability and stigma receptivity of P.vulgaris was detected. The results showed that the staining method is not able to discriminate whether the pollen has viability; the best medium is BK+25%PEG4000solution in vitro germination method; Solution with different concentration of sucrose in BK+25%PEG4000was used to determin the pollen viability, and with the increase of the concentration of sucrose, the pollen viability reduced; with the increase of the tempreture, the pollen viability has an upward tendency; with the increase of the pH value, the pollen viability has an downward tendency; the pollen viability of single flowering period was detected with the solution of BK+25%PEG4000, and results showed that pollen has viability1hour before blossom, and pollen viability significantly reduced24hours after blossom; stigma receptivity was detected with the solution of3%hydrogen peroxide, and results showed that stigma has receptivity1hour before blossom, and stigma receptivity significantly reduced24hours after blossom.3. Natural population and laboratory cultivation of Rvulgaris were regarded as test material, preliminary study were conducted on pollination mechanism. Results showed that gravity slide method did not checkout the pollen number; the insect visitation frequency in natural population is higher than laboratory cultivation population; the insects observed are Sphaerophoria rueppelli (Wiedmann), Sphaerophoria Indiana Bigot, Episyrphus balteatus (De.Geer), Ceratina japonica Cockerel, Bombus atripes Smith, Apis mellifera ligustica Spin, Elapropoda magrettii (Bingham), Xylocopa tranquabarorum (Swederus), Pierisrapae Linne and Pieris canidia Linnaeus;among them the Apis mellifera ligustica Spin, Elapropoda magrettii (Bingham) and Xylocopa tranquabarorum (Swederus) have a large number and effective in pollination.4. Natural population and laboratory cultivation of P.vulgaris were regarded as test material, preliminary study were conducted on breeding system of P.vulgaris. Results showed that the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)is1046±148.26, the out-crossing index(OCI) is2,combined with results of bagging experiment, the breeding system of P. vulgaris is mixed with cross-polination and self pollination, in the absence of pollination insects, the pollination and fertilization can be accompolished with high seed setting rate, and the seeds have a relatively high germination rate; Fluorescence microscopy method showed that self pollen can germinates in the stigma and grow to the ovule.