| Object: This paper studied root morphological characteristics, distribution and activity of wine grape indifferent alternative irrigation methods to design a higher efficiency root-zone alternative irrigation modal.Methods: The study is to imitate a root-zone alternative irrigation modal through installing drip irrigationsystem at the both sides of the plant, using one year old wine grape(V. vitis L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) asmaterial. There are three root-zone alternative irrigation modals which includes surface drip irrigation onboth sides (T1), subsurface drip irrigation on both sides (T2), drip irrigation on the one side and subsurfacedrip irrigation on the other side (T3). The weight, diameter, length, surface area, regulation of distributionin soil layer, activity, the contents of osmotic substances, anti-oxidase activity of roots and leafphotosynthetic were studied as the changes of irrigation time under the three modals. Results are asfollows:Results:1. In the vertical direction of0-20cm soil layer (side A), the weight, length, surface area andvolume of root in T3are obviously higher than T2and no significantly different from T1; while the otherside (side B) displays: T1>T3>T2. In20-60cm soil layer, the parameters above on the side A shows:T2>T3>T1; T3has a significant difference from T2, while no difference with T1; however, on the side B,T3has no significant difference from T2, while both are obviously higher than T1. Vertical distributionregulation in every treatment is different. The root system of T1concentrated on0-20cm soil layer whichaccounted for55%, on the20-40cm soil layer, the root system of T2accounted for49%of the toatal root.Root distribution regularity of side A in T3was in accord with T1and side B was in accord with T2. Theaverage diameter in root of T2is the highest. The weight, length, surface area and volume in root of T3arein the leading position in all alternative irrigation methods, followed by T2and T1.2. In the area of irrigation, the root activity increase at first and then descend slowly with time goingafter irrigation in all treatments. However, the root activity in the area without irrigation drops rapidly. Theroot activity differs from irrigation to without irrigation of this area which respectively is T3>T2>T1andT2>T3>T1. The content of Pro and soluble sugar in irrigation is lower than the area without irrigation andwill increase gradually after a stable state for time. The fastest and maximum is T1. The content of Pro inthe root area without irrigation of all treatments will decline rapidly after irrigation and T1drops the most.The content of Pro and soluble sugar of T1is the highest in irrigation among all treatments. The effects ofdifferent treatments on the content of soluble protein in root are in accord with the activity of root. Theactivity of SOD、POD、CAT in root of all treatments increased gradually with time going after irrigation.T2has a relatively low activity in all periods. T3is higher than T2, while lower than T1on side A.However, on side B, T3is similar to T2. Compared with T1, The contents of Pro, soluble sugar, solubleprotein and the activity of SOD、POD、CAT in T3and T2has no severe changes.3. Pn, Gs, Tr and Fv/Fm, qP, ΦPSII of grape leaf in every treatment reach the highest at the third day after irrigation and decrease gradually to the lowest at the seventh day after irrigation. However, it willincrease slowly on first day after the second watering. There is no significant difference among treatmentsone day later. The difference in all treatments becomes more significant gradually with time going afterirrigation. The above parameters displays T2>T3>T1at the seventh day after irrigation. The parameterspresents T1>T3>T2the first day after second watering.Conclusion: The study shows that T3and T2are superior to T1in inductive effect of root architectureconstruction and they promote deep growth by combining distribution regulation and physiologicalproperties of root with a comprehensive analysis of photosynthesis for below-ground and above-groundthat are conducted by three different root-zone alternative irrigation models. What’s more, roots in T2andT3make a great distribution and keep a good physiological property. |
PDF Full Text Request