Fertigation Research Of The Main Grape Planting Areas In Hebei Province

As an integration sunrise industry of economic, ecological and social, grape acreagegrows rapidly. At present, the blindness of traditional irrigation and fertilization method inthe grape production, not only caused the resources of waste and ecological environmentdeterioration, but also caused a decline in grape quality and the yield. Therefore, it isimportant to ensures the quality and yield of grape with combination to the reasonablenutrient and water inputs.In this study, aimed at the prevalence problem of the blindness of traditional irrigationand low utilization rate of water in the main grape producing areas of Hebei, through theliterature research, questionnaire survey, and research of fertigation water soluble fertilizerand mobile fertigation, reveal the problems existing in the fertilizer and irrigation, the keyfactors that limit utilization ratio of moisture and nutrients for high quality grapes. To seekbreakthrough way to manipulate the utilization ratio of moisture and nutrients.Appropriately control of moisture and fertilizer, improve the use efficiency, reducefertilizer and water inputs, reduce production costs, maximize achieve high efficiency,environmental protection, and maintain the sustainable development of agriculturalproduction goals. The study got the following conclusions:(1)Survey analysis found that normal irrigation was capacity in the main grapeproducing areas in Hebei, Huailai irrigated6to8times, irrigation volume was9000~9450t/hm2, Changli irrigated4times, irrigation volume was2400t/hm2, Zhuolu irrigated3~4times, irrigation volume was5400~7200t/hm2; Huailai driped8times and irrigationvolume was900t/hm2, it was unreasonable,Changli driped6times, irrigation volume was300t/hm2, Zhuolu driped only4times, irrigation volume was1050t/hm2. It inputed highervolume of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the orchard, respectively628~2557kg/hm2,364~780kg/hm2and839~1740kg/hm2, in some areas the proportion andperiod of nutrient was unreasonable. Drip (12.29%) and fertigation (0.36%) area was smalland the application and times was unreasonable.(2)Field fertigation showed that:①The treatment of fertigation significantlyimproved grape production, improved fruit soluble solids and VC content, reduced theacidity and improved grape quality. Single grape weight increased by6.91%,6.22%,7.17%, yields were increased by18.99%,2.00%,2.96%, solid acid ratio increased by 8.70%,5.27%,5.15%.②High levels of fertilization and irrigation lead to serious nutrientleaching; tradition fertigation60~100cm soil NO3--N content was increasing, excessivefertilization and flood irrigation, increasing the risk of downward migration of nutrientswith the irrigation of the root zone. Fertigation significantly reduced deep soil NO3--N, Pand K, reducing the risk of nutrient leaching to deeper.③Fertigation significantly improvewater use efficiency. Water use efficiency of traditional was5.24kg/m3, the3treatments offertigation respectively were15.74kg/m3,13.48kg/m3,13.18kg/m3, improved200.28%,157.35%,151.53%.④The fertigation significantly improved the efficiency of fertilizers.The PEP of N, P2O5, K2O and fertilizer were10.52kg/kg,18.77kg/kg,29.97kg/kg and6.41kg/kg. The PEP of N, P2O5, K2O and fertilizer of recommended fertilizationⅠ+dripirrigation were60.33kg/kg,100.54kg/kg,70.30kg/kg and23.38kg/kg, it respectivelyincreased by473.47%,435.64%,435.64%and264.74%. The PEP of N, P2O5, K2O andfertilizer of recommended fertilization Ⅱ+drip irrigation were52.35kg/kg,102.99kg/kg,68.66kg/kg and20.04kg/kg, it respectively increased by397.62%,448.72%,129.11%and212.63%. The PEP of N, P2O5, K2O and fertilizer of recommended fertilization Ⅲ+dripirrigation were58.01kg/kg,101.52kg/kg,67.38kg/kg and20.23kg/kg, it respectivelyincreased by451.47%,440.86%,124.84%and215.60%.⑤The fertigation significantlysaved cost and increased the benefit of income. The3recommended treatments saved inputcosts were15712.5yuan,16402.51yuan,15600yuan per acre, income respectivelyincreased49087.5yuan,2242.5yuan,3345yuan, saved and synergy respectively were64800yuan,18660yuan,18945yuan.(3)The results of mobile fertigation show that:①The mobile fertigation significantlyincreased the yield and improve the content of soluble solid and VC, improved the qualityof the grapes. Single grape weight increased by6.61%, production increased22.70%,soluble solids improved1.33%, VC content increased by16.71%.②Traditional irrigation60~100cm soil NO3--N content was increasing, excessive nitrogen fertilization and floodirrigation, increased the risks of NO3--N downward movement of irrigation root zone, themobile fertigation increased the intensity of grape roots regional nitrogen accumulation,weakened NO3--N leaching risks, while also reduced soil deep NO3--N residues, reducedthe NO3--N downward leaching risk.③The mobile fertigation significantly improve wateruse efficiency. Traditional water use efficiency was5.36kg/m3.Mobile fertigation useefficiency was6.58kg/m3, it increased by22.76%.④The mobile fertilizer significantlyimprove the efficiency of the fertilizer. The PEP of N, P2O5, K2O were63.65kg/kg,106.08kg/kg,74.17kg/kg, they increased by504.94%,465.16%and147.49%. The PEP offertilizer increased by92.⑤The mobile fertigation significantly saved cost and increasedthe benefit of income. It saved input costs16035yuan, the benefit of income increased54795yuan, saved and synergy was70830yuan.