The Complete Mitochondrial Genome Of Bamboos(Bambusa Oldhamii, Dendrocalamus Latiflorus,Phyllostachus Pubescens) And Evolutionary Analyses

As one of the oldest and fastest-grown grass plants, bamboos are important in the study of genetics. We utilize AB3730sequencer and Roche454sequencer to deter-mine the mitochondrial genome of three species of bamboos (Bambusa oldhamii, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Phyllostachus pubescens). The complete489540bp Bambusa oldhamii contains22protein-coding genes,2rRNA gene and17tRNA genes with the GC content of43.9%. The draft of572370bp Dendrocalamus latiflo-rus contains22protein-coding genes,5rRNA genes and18tRNA gens with the GC content of43.1%. The draft of569022bp Phyllostachus pubescens contains22pro-tein-coding genes,3rRNA genes and20tRNA genes with the GC content of42.8%. After comparing the protein-coding sequences of three species of bamboos, we have identified only2nucleotide polymorphisms between Bambusa oldhamii and Dendro-calamus latiflorus in nadl and nad2,25between B. oldhamii and P. pubescens, and20between D. latiflorus, P. pubescens, these nucleotide polymorphisms may explain why Phyllostachus pubescens grows differently from other two. In addition, we have indentified5SNPs in protein-coding genes of Phyllostachus pubescens, two of them are found in the gene nad2, others are found in atp6, coxl, ccmC, respectively. More-over, as reported, Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is found in mitochodira and chloroplast of bamboos; most of them are non-coding sequences, and others are pro-tein-coding sequences and tRNA genes. The phylogentic tree also shows support for the bamboos’position in taxonomy which close to the differentiation of monocots and dicots. From the polymorphism analyses of protein-coding genes between sorghum, rice, wheat, maize and B. oldhamii, we have found that most of polymorphyisms are existed in atp4and atp6, this may be one of the reasons that results in the rapid growth rate of bamboos.