| Based on Aksu experimental base of Xinjiang Agricultural University and WenSu Xianwalnut park as the research site,6years walnut tree as the test object. In this paper wasreserched on using field plot test methods on different irrigation technology, irrigation amount,different micro irrigation technology and different soil texture conditions physiological andecological indexes of walnut trees. The main research are about the walnut tree ecophysiological indexes, yield, quality, and also studies the surface irrigation walnut rootsdistribution and choose the appropriate irrigation techniques. This paper has achieved thefollowing results:(1) On the growth of walnut: Walnut volume were consistent with the fruit growthdynamics. Fruit volume growth presents obvious periodicity, divided into2developmentalcycle, rapid fruit enlargement and slow growth period. Rapid fruit enlargement period wasfrom early May to early June near40d, this period is the rapid development period of walnutfruit volume growth, completed a total volume of fruit of more than95%, is an importantperiod of walnut fruit size decision, depending on tree nutrition accumulation and theprevious year management level. Fruit slow growth period after mid June to early july near20d, walnut fruit into the slow growth period to fruit ripening. In this period, fruit growth isvery slow, only completed about5%of the total volume of fruit. This period mainly makephysiological changes in walnut fruit nutrient conversion and nucleolar organizer, is animportant period to improve the quality of the walnut fruit.(2) On the walnut eco physiological indexes: chlorophyll changes with the growth ofstage, showing increase at first and then decrease rule, the same growth period, thechlorophyll content index were not significantly different, but significantly in different at thedifferent periods of the same treatment; diurnal variation of the leaf water potential were thesame, were "V" parabola form (high at morning and evening, low at noon), diurnal variationof walnut leaf photosynthesis (July5th and August6th) for the bimodal curves，show that the"noon break" phenomenon, and the morning photosynthetic rate was significantly higher thanthe afternoon. The lowest value of the treatments appeared at about14:00. following onincreasing the effective radiation and air temperature, photosynthetic rate increased, to12:00pm to reach the first peak, the same time reached the highest value. Noon, because decrease ofair humidity with the increase of radiation, photosynthetic rate decreased gradually, at aboutnoon14:00appear “noon break” phenomenon. Later, radiation and temperature began todecrease, but the air humidity increased gradually, photosynthetic rate slowly rising, and reachthe second peak in16:00around, then gradually reduced to the lowest value.(3) Through the analysis and comparison of physiological and ecological indexes ofyoung walnut tree can be found: the treatment for different irrigation condition, area A shouldbe used for the same amount of irrigation (25m3/mu) A-D2(drip Irrigation) and A-Y (BubbleIrrigation) treatment. In the different irrigation amount of condition, for area A suitable fordrip irrigation treatment (25m3/mu) A-D2. For the different treatment of micro irrigationtechnology in B area,B-Y3(three pipe) treatment is suitable. In two kinds of soil texture, themicro irrigation technology are suitable for gravel sand soil than the Sandy loam soil.(4) On the root length distribution: in the horizontal direction the walnut tree roots aremainly distributed in the range of0-135cm. in the vertical direction More than78.97%of the walnut tree root distribution in0-150cm.the walnut tree of total root length distributiondecrease with the increase of depth. walnut effective roots vertical distribution were the samewith total root length, accounting for97%of total root length. This is conducive to the walnutroots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. |
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