Studied On Cultivation Techniques Of Potted Cineraria In The Southern Areas

Cineraria (Senecio X hybridus) is the one of the most highly ornamental plants for the blossom season of lasting months in early spring. It’s named as Cineraria since it has heart shape leaves with wavy or polygonal teeth on edge, which looks like a melon. Its flowers are plentiful, gorgeous, colorful, and with long bloom time, which is highly ornamental. However, cineraria have poor resistance heat in summer and cold in winter, which limits its capability of meeting the urgent and high market demand. Therefore, in this study, the author renovates the sunlight greenhouse structure, using energy-efficient and semi-underground protective cooling bed to cultivate cineraria, combined with according cultivation techniques and methods. The results were as follows:1. The result of comparing different cultivation facilities shows:the winter average temperature of the semi-underground protective half underground cooling bed winter average temperature is4-7℃higher than outdoor temperature,2-3℃higher than the plastic greenhouses, and1-2℃higher than glass greenhouse (without heating). In terms of water quantity, the semi-underground protective cooling bed group needs55% less water than the plastic greenhouse cultivation,66.7% less than the glass greenhouse cultivation. In terms of growth and development, plant height and leaf growth index of the semi-underground protective cooling bed group is in the medium level, with neat and plump plant, and enhanced lodging. Its florescence is10to15days ahead than plastic-covered tunnel, and its flower withering period is10days later than plastic greenhouses and the glass greenhouse. Its full-blossom consistency and ornamental effect is best,2. The result of spraying treatments of GA3 0.1-0.3mg/1on the leaf shows that it has varying degrees of early flowering. Comparing with the control group, experiment group has its budding time a month earlier, initial flowering time10-18days earlier, abundant flowering season prolonged for8-15days, and the flower withering period extend by10-20days. Compared with the group treated with PP333, the experimental group has its budding time3-7days earlier, initial flowering time8-10days earlier. The group treated with0.15-0.2mg/l GA3shows the highest full-blossom consistency. It shows that GA3treatment could promote cineraria plants to grow taller, and the group treated with0. lmg/1GA3grows the highest, amounting35.4cm. It’s also showed that with the increase of GA3concentration, crown diameter decreases, the most evident reduction occurs in the group0.2mg/L GA3treatment. Flower number and flower diameter decreases with the increasing GA3concentration.3. The result of spraying0.1-0.3mg/1PP333treatments on the leaf shows that MET has significant effect in extending flowering period. Compared with the control group, the experimental group has budding period one month earlier, the initial flowering advanced by8-11days, the abundant flowering season prolonged for10-20days, and the flower withering period extended by10-20d. Compared with GA3treatments, the experimental group has abundant flowering season extended by8-10days, the flower withering period extended by6-15days, and the highest full-blossom consistency occurs when PP333concentration ranges from0.1to0.15mg/l. Plant height is decreased by PP333treatment:when the concentration is lower than0.15mg/l, plant height gets sluggish, and the plant even don’t grow any longer. Meanwhile, flower number is decreased, and crown diameter increased, and the most significant crown occurs when PP333concentration is0.25mg/L, which brings29.5cm increase.4. The determination of physiological indexes shows that with the increase of GA3concentration, the content of soluble sugar increases, impressed by0.2-0.3mg/l GA3treatments. On20th March, the content of soluble sugar peaked. Cineraria soluble protein content increases at first and then decreases when treated with GA3. Meanwhile, the amounts of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b increase and then decrease, which peaked on2nd March. The amount of Chlorophyll a+b has the same trend as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.5. The determination of physiological indexes showed that with the increase of PP333concentration, the content of soluble sugar increases, impressed by0.2-0.3mg/l PP333treatments. On20th March, the content of soluble sugar peaked. Cineraria soluble protein content increases at first and then decreases when treated with PP333. Meanwhile, the of chlorophyll amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and Chlorophyll a+b increases steadily, all peaking on20th March, impressed by0.1-0.15mg/1PP333treatmentsThis experiment investigates no-heating cultivation techniques for cineraria in the winter and spring, which has created a forcing-culture and cold-resistance cultivation technique on cineraria, and developed a simple a, energy-saving, economic and applicable new ways of supplying cineraria flowers in the southern China. This investigation also has provided a theoretical basis for flowering regulation technology in cineraria at chemical hormone treatments.