Effects Of Two Kinds Of EM Probiotics On Cultural Water Quality, Growth Performance And Immunity Of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus Japonicus

The aquaculture of sea cucumber had taken shape in the 1990 s. So far, sea cucumber output value had reached more than 30 billion yuan. However, high density feeding, bait decaying and antimicrobial abusement led to the deterioration of culture water. These problems seriously affected the healthy and stable development of the sea cucumber industry.Recently, Probiotics had became one of the best development of health- animal feed additives.They can be as alternative of antibiotics because of the good characteristics, such as natural,non-toxic, no side effects, no residue and other advantages. Lots of studies have demonstrated that EM probiotics can effectively inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria. At the same time, EM probiotics also can be used as an efficient bait of aquatic animal feed. Furthermore,EM probiotics can play an important role in water purification, through reducing the concentration of toxic ammonia, nitrite and enhancing immunity.The present study assessed the effects of two EM probiotics on cultural water quality growth performance and immunology of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas. The present study set up five groups. One was control group. which no EM probiotics were splashed. The other four groups were splashed with 5 x 108 CFU/mL Gong-Da-2, 1 x 109 CFU/mL Gong-Da-2, 5 x 108CFU/mL Gong-Da-3 and 1 x 109CFU/mL Gong-Da-3, respectively. The results showed that COD, nonionic ammonia, nitrite and H2 S when significantly reduced when compared with the control at the end of the cultural trial. Splashing to cultural water 5 x108CFU/mL Gong-Da-2 and 5 x 108CFU/mL Gong-Da-3 could significantly improve cultural water quality. Compared with the control group, the rate of weight gain of probioticstreated four treatment groups were increased 101.4%, 78.2%, 60.7%, 49.4%, respectively.Compared with the control group, the activities of five kinds of digestive enzymes of EM probiotics treated groups were enhanced in different degreesl. Among them, low concentrations of Gong-Da-2 was the best in improving the activity of digestive enzymes activity. Compared with the control group, the total coelomocytes counts, phagocytic activity,superoxide dismutase activity, total nitric oxide synthase activity and acide phosphatase activity of the four probiotics-treated groups were significantly increased(p <0.05).Thelysozyme activity of high concentrations of EM probiotics was significantly increased(p<0.05). Only the alkaline phosphatase activity of the group treated by high concentrations of Gong-Da-3 was significantly increased(p <0.05). Compared with the high concentration of EM probiotics-treated groups, the digestive enzyme activities of the low concentration treated group showed better effects. The cumulative mortality of sea cucumber from the groups treated with EM probiotics was decreased afte Vibrio.The results showed that splashing two kinds of EM probiotics could enhance the cultural water quality, improve growth performance and immunity of animals. Considering the growth performance of sea cucumber, cultural water quality, and the group of 5 × 108 CFU / mL Gong-Da-2 was an ideal probiotics.