Study On Identification, Toxin Production And Field Control Of Maize Ear Rot

Abstract:Maize is the principal cereal crops in Shanxi province, maize diseases threat the production of crop in recent years. Maize ear rot is the important disease of the world, which is caused by Fusarium moniliforme and other fungis. The main pathogen is Fusarium moniliforme. It reduces a serious deline in quality and result in financial loss. Besides that, Fusarium moniliforme produces fumonisin, which is the major sources of maize and corn products, is a critical mycotoxin jeopardized to people and animals. So it is important to research on maize ear rot and funonisin in theory and practice.We collected infected maize samples in Shanxi province from 2012 to 2014, we got 130 strains were isolated from maize ear rot. After single spore purification and identification by morphological method, six strains-F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, T. harzianum and T. viride were confirmed to be associated with maize ear rot, among them, F. moniliforme (67 strains) and F. graminearum (28 strains) is the major pathogenic germ, F. verticillioides is predominant for Fusarium.The identification of virulences of maize ear rot showed that corn in milk-ripe stage with toothpick inoculation method worked best, of all strains only F. moniliforme was the main pathogen of maize ear rot, F. semitectum was not the pathogenic strains, and mixed infection of F. verticillioides and F. graminearum showed a stronger pathogenicity than other treatment.It also indicated that choosing right toxin - Producing conditions and applying bioassry method could determine toxin - producing ability of isolates strong or weak, which were simple and accurate and economical ways. The Fumonisin FB1 capacity measurement on maize in storage period in Shanxi province showed that Fumonisin FB1 affected by storage conditions and storage time. In the first level of corn, the optimum storage conditions is kraft paper with three layer and 15% humidity under temperature 25 degree suit for storage in 60-90, In the three level of corn:15% humidity of 10 degree under atmospheric conditions in later stage suit for storage.Field trials showed that treatment of maize agronomic traits at different time had been diverse from each, the control effect of TX was 71.69%, has the best control efficiency; mixed of rare earth and TX had the worst control efficiency...