The Studies Of The Digestive Tract Morphology And Low Nitrogen Discharge Of Larval Culter Alburnus

In order to research the requirement of topmouth culter Culler alburnus Basilewsky in nutrition,the digestive tract morphology,the nutrition of different size of topmouth culter,after that,define exploring the effects of glutamine、L-carnitine、Clostridium butyric acid and betaine to Culler alburnus Basilewskys.Theresults were as follows:1.Comparetive study of nutritional components in muscule of Culter alburnus Basilewskys during differnts growth phares.Comparative analysis on nutritional components in muscle of Culler alburnus during different growth phages, body weight from 48.62 to 1283.35 g, were conducted in this study. Methods Culler alburnus Basilewskys were collected in Poyang Lake and assigned to 5 growth phages based on body weight and body length. Ten fishes per growth phage were selected to obtain muscle for analysis of nutritional components. The contents of moisture and crude protein decreased(P< 0.05) with increasing body weight, as well as total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NEAA)(P< 0.05). But the contents of crude fat, ash, calcium, and phosphate increased (P < 0.05). The ratio of EAA to TAA (38.40%～40.03%) altered slightly (P>0.05) in different growth phases, whereas the ratio of EAA to NEAA increased (P< 0.05), being from 72.82% to 79.15%. It indicated the composition proportion of EAA in muscle of Culler alburnus Basilewskys met the standard of FAO/WHO pattern of amino acids (EAA/TAA around 40%, EAA/NEAA>60%). Meanwhile, it was observed that Lysine level was 1.19～1.38 times as many as FAO/WHO pattern of amino acids. Additionally, the contents of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (P< 0.05) in muscle of Culter alburnus Basilewskys with increasing body weight, while monosaturated fatty acids increased (P< 0.05). There was no difference in the contents of EPA and DHA (P>0.05) during different growth phases. It is abundant in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids in muscle of Culter alburnus, which suggests the muscle is an excellent food resource.2. Morphology and histology of the digestive tract in Culter alburnus BasilewskysUsing morphological observation and measurements、organ tissue、H·E tissue staining and micro-measurement in studying the morphology and histology of the digestive tract in larval Culler alburnus Basilewskys.The results showed that the digestive tract of Culter alburnus Basilewskys was compoused by buccal-pharynx cavity, esophagus and intestine.There were jaw teeth、pharyngeal teeth and preiections in the large buccal-pharynx, Pharyngeal tooth developed, no teeth. Have no classcal stomach,the Coefficient of the digestive tract is 0.95±0.04.There were 4.5 pairs of gill rakers.The histology:the warp was long,muscular, cavity was big,a lots of secretory cells in it. Submucosa loose connective tissue, a large number of blood vessels in it.The developed muscle layer is composed of striated muscle,divided into two layers.The fore intestinal villus are the longest,after intestinal villus are slightly shorter than last,,rectum hair short and thin.3. Effect of glutamine、L-carnitine、 Clostridium butyric acid and betaine to Culter alburnus BasilewskysThe study investigated the effect of different additives on Culter alburnus Basilewskys(wheight:7.08g).The diets has the same nitrogen and NDF,bu different in dietary additive which were nothing, glutamine、L-carnitine、Clostridium butyric acid and betaine.That experiment lasted 153days.The result showed thatr:the effect of treatment group4 in promoting the grouth and protein accumulation to Culter alburnus Basilewskys is best. the effect of treatment group3 in promoting using crude fat is the best。 The content of TC and HDL is after rising to decline, treatment group3 is the most high。 GPT and GOT had not significant difference in 5 treatment groups (P<0.05)4.The effect of different content of betaine mix to Culter alburnus Basilewskys Feeding the Culter alburnus Basilewskys fodder with different betaine.The study lasted 83days.The result showed:5 treatment groups’s middleweight、WGT and SGR are after rising to decline, treatment groupIV is the highest.GPT、GOT and feed conversion ratio were down by the addition of betaine mix, the treatment group V is the lowest.TC、 moisture、crud fat and the cost of feeding per ton decreasing firstly and then increasing, the treatment group Ⅳ is the lowest.Crude protein and rate of protein utilization are rising by the addition of betaine mix, the treatment group is Ⅴ the highest, the fodder with 6% betaine,Culter alburnus Basilewskys growing and breeding benefit best.