| As a large population, it is facing serious food problem in our country, China. With the rapid increase of population and the development urbanization process, arable lands have become less and less. Less lands must support more people, which decides our agricultural production line with high and stable yield. Excessive use of a large number chemical fertilizers in major producing areas, the farmland soil has reduced productivity, the ecological diversity imbalance and soil pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study community structure changes of soil arthropods and to explore maintaining diversity of farmland ecosystem under different fertilization and non-agricultural plant diversity. In addition, this study has a very important significance to develop the healthy development of farmland soil ecosystem and to provide a theoretical basis for farmland soil ecosystem stability and food security.Soil organisms in Triticum aestivum field were investigated in 2013 and 2014 by measuring outdoor experiments and 7 different fertilizer treatments: control, NK, PK, PN, OM, 1/2OM+1/2NPK and NPK. The results showed the sample year had little impact on the diversity of soil arthropods, but fertilizers had apparently affected the diversity of soil arthropods. Total abundance N(F=2.90, P=0.014) and diversity index H′(F=2.33, P=0.041) of soil arthropods were significantly different under different fertilizers. In 2013, diversity indexes of soil organisms in C,NK,PK treatments were higher than in 2014. Compared with 2014, there were higher diversity indexes of soil organisms in 1/2(OM+NPK), NP, NPK treatments than 2013. The diversity indexes of soil organisms in PK and NP treatments were higher than in NK. Densities of Collembola and mites in C, NK and PK treatments were lower than in balanced fertilization. Therefore, P may be important limiting factor in soil nutrients. Evenness indexes in OM treatment were lower than other fertilization treatments. Evenness indexes of Collembola and mites and FEMI Index in OM and 1/2(OM+NPK) treatment were significantly higher than other treatments. The results indicated organic fertilizers have important impact on maintaining soil organisms diversity and soil health.Non-agricultural plants were planted in fertilizers, NPK, OM and OMNPK treatments. Wild oats, Alfalfa, Chicory and Descurainia sophia were chosen as experiment plants. The combination treatments: 0(only wheat, six repeats), 1( 1 of 4 plants, 3 repeats), 2(2 of 4 plants, two repeats), 4(4 plants, six repeats). The results showed that primary productivity was highest in 1/2OM+1/2NPK treatment. Soil physical and chemical properties were significantly affected by diversity of non-agricultural plants, but there was no apparent impact on soil arthropod community structure. The soil nutrient content was significantly higher in planting 1 or 2 non-agricultural plants than 0 or 4 kinds plant. But in only chemical fertilizer treatment, soil nutrients decreased with the increase in non-farm plant diversity. It is recommended that organic manure and fertilizers are used and 1 or 2 kinds of non-agricultural plants are planted, which can help to make good soil fertility and keep economic value diversity.Selecting relevant indicators of soil arthropods, caused by differences in fertilization showed a significant response: increase the ammonium nitrogen content of soil arthropod-related index declined significantly positively correlated with the available phosphorus exist; For different indicators of soil quality instruction there are some differences in the role: in the diversity of treatments, only the Collembola and mites with soil physical and chemical properties of the existence of a significant correlation. Therefore, using biological indicators of soil quality analysis(soil health), that should be based on a comprehensive variety of indicators for the evaluation of soil arthropods. |
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