| In this paper, three kinds of typical karst restore vegetation areas of the stone forest geology park: Limestone shrub grass,Native Cyclobalanopsis gluaca foreast and Secondary Pinus yunnanensis. The three dynamic monitoring samples for meteorological observation, and with the help of the predecessors research achievements of karst sample area, obtaining basic data, through a comprehensive and systemative of vegetation investigation and the analysis of corresponding regional meteorological data, analysis and study for the climate characteristics of forest vegetation in karst area. In addition, by contrasting and analyzing the condition of climate characteristics and differences that under the different karst forest vegetation habitat.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)1965~2013, the stone forest region overall climate has the trend of drying and warming; The 49 years of average rainfall of 896.16 mm in the area, in 1994, it appeared the highest rainfall 1344.0 mm, in 2011, it appeared the lowest rainfall 21.8 mm; Regional rainfall climate tendency rate for-26.65.0 mm / 10 a, the trend of precipitation decrease is obviously; The four seasons, the spring, the summer, the autumn rainfall all showed a trend of reduction obviously, the winter rainfall showed increasing trend. The rainy season and dry season rainfall all showed a trend of decrease, the monsoon rainfall diminishing rate more than dry season 38.24mm/10(a) rainfall diminishing rate(a) 7.05mm/10, suggests that the stone forest region of reduced precipitation in the main reason is that monsoon rainfall is reduced, the rainy season precipitation reduced contribution rate is greater than the dry season. From the trend of increasing temperature, the stone forest region, the mean temperature is 16.0 ℃ between 49 years, in the spring of 17.8 ℃, the summer is 20.8 ℃, the autumn is 15.8 ℃, the winter is 9.8 ℃, the average increasing rate is 0.38 ℃ / 10 a; The temperature of the four seasons are a trend of warmer, there are differences in each season in temperature range, the winter warming to maximum, present the phenomenon of warm winter; The range of the dry season and rainy season heats up, the dry season warming to 0.47 ℃ / 10 a, warming to 0.24 ℃ / 10 a rainy season, temperatures are mainly caused by dry heating.(2)Research during the period of three kinds of karst forest vegetation with flat daily temperature difference during 2009.10~2012.10, in accordance with the cosine curve. The most low temperature appeared at 7:00 in the morning, the most high temperature appeared at about 15:00 PM; size sequence: limestone(16.9 ℃)> irrigation grass native to Yunnan QingGangLin times(16.5℃)>secondary Yunnan pine forest(15.5 ℃); Average diurnal range temperature range as follows: the limestone irrigation grass(10.2 ℃)secondary Yunnan pine(9.9 ℃) > times native Yunnan QingGangLin minimum amplitude(8.8 ℃), the temperature difference between vegetation is obviously. From the poor temperature on limestone irrigation grass average annual average(22.2℃)>secondary Yunnan pine forest(21.2℃)> native Yunnan QingGangLin annual average(20.4℃), presents the forest canopy density, the higher, the greater the canopy coverage, the temperature and the smaller is poorer, to improve the low temperature, reduce the high temperature, the native Yunnan QingGangLin best, the second secondary Yunnan pine forest, limestone irrigation grass is the worst. Three kinds of karst forest vegetation to the temperature regulation ability size order: native Yunnan QingGangLin secondary Yunnan pine > limestone bringing out.(3)The daily variation of air relative humidity under three types karst forest vegetation distribution is symmetrical “U”, the relative humidity at 7:00 is highest and at 16:00 is lowest, the relative humidity changes with the temperature curve has a opposite trend. During the study period the size of the daily average relative humidity. As follows, the secondary Yunnan pine forest(73.3%) > native Yunnan QingGangLin(72.7%) > limestone irrigation grass(71.8%).Relative humidity of the maximum difference is very little, the minimum difference so obviously, it is show that the karst vegetation can increase the minimum relative humidity and has a moisturizing effect. Relative humidity in the average diurnal range changes can be seen the average diurnal range month three elite stand of relative humidity change order from big to small: the limestone scrub-grassland(37.6%), the native Yunnan QingGangLin irrigation grass(33.5%), the secondary Yunnan pine forest(32.0%). In different karst forest style of difference comparison of relative humidity: the limestone sample plots of relative humidity and the irrigation grass native to Yunnan QingGangLin relative humidity difference is not significant(p=0.198>0.05), the native Yunnan QingGangLin secondary Yunnan pine forest, the limestone and secondary Yunnan pine forest and grass difference is obviously(p<0.01).It shows that karst forest vegetation have the ability to improve relative humidity and moisture ability,as follows: the pine forest >the secondary native Yunnan QingGangLin > the limestone irrigation grass.(4)The wind speed variation trends in the three karst forest vegetation are similarly, during the day the wind speed is high, small wind speed in the night. The wind speed range is high during the day, the night is smaller, it is presents the inverted u-shaped structure; Three kinds of karst forest vegetation have the effect to the reduce wind speed difference, the canopy crown breadth, forest canopy density difference, the native QingGangLin and the secondary Yunnan pine wind reduction effect better than the limestone irrigation grass; Three forest style stand a sorting for reduce the size of the wind : spring > winter > autumn > summer. During the mouth and season changes, wind speed is the biggest in the limestone irrigation grass, march-June is greater than the native Yunnan QingGangLin and the secondary Yunnan pine forest, January-march, July-December for the native QingGangLin is greater than the secondary Yunnan pine forest. Through diversity analysis and showed that the secondary Yunnan pine forest with no significant differences between the native Yunnan QingGangLin, the limestone filled with the secondary Yunnan pine forest and the grass native Yunnan QingGangLin and they have significant differences. Three forest style of the effect of the wind is: the native Yunnan Qing GangLin>the secondary Yunnan pine forest > the limestone irrigation grass.(5)The forest have a blocking effect on the solar radiation, and total solar radiation under three kinds of forest vegetation monthly variation in the dry season, the rainy season is clearly present the structure of the U comparison, at the beginning of rise at 7:00, maximum 13:00, 20:00 tends to zero. The dry season, the rainy season, the sun radiation is presented: the limestone irrigation grass > the pine forest >the secondary native Yunnan QingGangLin.(sunny day, rainy day, cloudy) in different weather conditions trend of diurnal change of solar total radiation and the average monthly variation tendency, local time affected by the weather, a slight fluctuation. Solar radiation intensity is always higher than that of the limestone irrigation grass native Yunnan cyclobalanopsis and secondary Yunnan pine forest. Intact structure of forest vegetation, the forest canopy density is big, the solar radiation blocking effect is obviously. Changes is significantly in the changing seasons, the limestone irrigation grass, solar total radiation order: spring > summer > autumn > winter; The native Yunnan QingGangLin solar total radiation and the secondary Yunnan pine forest similar seasonal change rule, rendering: summer > spring > autumn > winter; Forest canopy density good native Yunnan QingGangLin, the sun radiation seasonal change rule of the secondary Yunnan pine forest crown density and smallest in the limestone irrigation grass has difference, this is mainly caused by forest canopy trees. Research during the period of three, under the solar total radiation difference is obviously, total amount order: Native Cyclobalanopsis gluaca forest>the Secondary Pinus yunnanensis>the Limestone irrigation grass.(6)The analysis can draw the conclusion: three different karst forest vegetation to climate has a effect, within the local environment, three karst forest vegetation on the change of climate parameters has certain consistency, but there are differences in the impact extent. Where of forest crown flourish and forest crown density has a great influence on climate regulation. |
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