| 18 years old of Apple cultivars ‘Red Fuji’ was used as the research material in this research, have studied the influence of interlaced thinning(T1), septum strain thinning(T2), every three trees cutting one in the line(T3) et al different thinnings and control(CK) on ‘Red Fuji’ orchard population structure, leaf growth and development, photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristic, branch inclusions and fruit quality; To determine the best thinning way to fit in densely planted ‘Red Fuji’ in eastern Gansu Loess Plateau region. The main results are as follows:1.Compared to the control, The ventilation condition of orchard was greatly improved; The photosynthetic active radiation was increased with the certain degree;The rate of coverage was decreased; the transmittance light of inter plant, the transmittance light of inter line and the transmittance light of under crown are greatly increased; Which can effectively adjusted the amount of total branches, the amount and proportion of long middle short branch; T1 and T2 have good effect to transform closed orchard; T2 was better than T1 for turning on the light path, the transmittance light of under crown is significantly higher than T1 in 2 years; Specific leaf weight, leaf area, leaf thickness, content of N and K, leaf photosynthetic pigments have increased with different degrees.2.Compared with the control, Leaf parameter of Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr, Fm, F0’, Fv/Fm, Phi PS2 and so all have increased with different degrees after treatment of T1 and T2; Pn of canopy outside and bore leaf have respectively increased with 54.62%, 71.82%, 18.71%, 24.91% after treatment of T1 and T2; Photoinhibition has not occurred, the rate of photochemical reaction have increased significant after treatment of T1 and T2; Phi PS2 of canopy outside and bore leaf have respectively increased with 15.23%, 28.83%, 30.70%, 36.39% after treatment of T1 and T2; Notable positive correlation between Pn and Gs, Tr(r=0.413**, 0.360**), Gs and Ci, Tr(r=0.499**, 0.560**), significant positive correlation between Ci and Tr(r=0.225*), Notable negative correlation between Pn and Ci(r=-0.354**). Septum strain thinning(T2) improved the potential of PSII photosynthetic reaction center better to increase the photosynthesis of apple leaves.3. The soluble sugar content of branch( <5 cm and 5-15 cm) of T2 was significantly higher than the content of T3 and CK with various branch, Respectively as high as 4.15% and 4.08%; The starch content of various branch with three treatments was significantly lower than the starch content of branch(<5 cm and 5-15 cm)of CK; The total free amino acid content of branch of(5-15 cm)of T2 lower than the other three treatments; They have no significant difference in the nitrate content in between the branch(<5 cm and 5-15 cm), The length of between 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm, between 30-60 cm and> 60 cm of branch with same treatment and the different thinning ways have no significant effect on the protein content in the same length of branch; The nutrition of branch(<5 cm branch) of T2 was more balanced, which is conducive to formate flower.4. The numbers of fruit each plant have a significant increase compared with the control; The weight of single fruit with the treatment of T1, T2 and T3 were respectively increased 25.03%, 34.83% and 9.81% after thinning 1 years, The color index of fruit was also increased 6.00%, 6.26% and 3.30% respectively, the content of soluble sugar were increased 35.98%, 39.14% and 22.98% respectively, the content of peel anthocyanin were increased 104.41%, 101.47% and 30.88% respectively; The yield of per hectare with treatment of T1, T2 and T3 were decreased 7601.89 kg, 5219.45 kg and 6056.80 kg respectively after thinning 1 years, However its value increased 14959.54 yuan, 34363.70 yuan and 9081.13 yuan respectively; The value of T2 increased 100262.04 yuan after the same thinning 2 years, T2 increase rate was the greatest, is preponderant for transforming closed orchard. |
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