| Kaluga(Huso dauricus Georgi) belongs to the large ferocious freshwater fish in the Chinese, mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang. Kaluga sexual maturity in 14 instar larvae hatching rate, low, juvenile survival rate is low, long cycle of growth, in recent years, with the increase of human fishing capacity, resulting in much higher speed than the natural fishing groups add speed, the current distribution in the natural river large Huso dauricus increasingly rare, as early as twentieth Century in fifty, Huso dauricus was the IUCN red list as endangered grade. Now, through artificial domestication Huso dauricus produce significantly increased the hatching rate, growth rate faster, mature ahead of time compared to the wild species, from a certain extent to maintain the continuity of Huso dauricus population. In recent years our country in Fuyuan sturgeon fish breeding in the establishment of the banned fishing areas, with water temperature rises year by year, we extended the ban period, in order to ensure the sturgeons smoothly into the spawning grounds are protected. At the same time to carry out artificial propagation and releasing work, reduce the fishing intensity. With a series of protective measures to carry out, Huso Huso species resources are restored. At present, the domestic and foreign related research on reproductive biology, biochemistry and molecular biology of Huso dauricus systematically, and the basic biological knowledge about Huso dauricus is lack, therefore, the author in the 2013-2015 years, from the beginning of artificial propagation of Huso dauricus, skeletal system development of the embryos, larvae and juveniles of digestive system and juvenile for basic research, the following results were obtained:1 Participate in the whole process of artificial propagation’s huang. 2013 5-7 months, in Hebei Province, Handan city Shexian County sturgeon farming ecological base, The 4 tail 16 old Kaluga females in the water temperature of 18-20 DEG C keeper pool foster. The maturity appraisal standard is: A. female genital pore ruddy valgus; B. male genital pore closed not valgus, lightly pressing the abdomen that the outflow of semen; C. IV final eggs can be observed in pigment ring 1~3 a dark and bright spots in the polarity of extremes; D. microscopy sperm linear motion, strong vitality. When the Kaluga female gonad in IV at the end of the period, with the pectoral back muscle injection of oxytocin drug LRH-A, for the two time after injection of 12 h, take eggs work. By extrusion combined with surgical method to take the eggs, semi dry fertilization, talcum powder water debonding, Yushchenko incubator incubator. After about 136 h hatching out of water. 5-7 month three times for artificial fertilization, hatching rate was 87.2%, 85.7%, 92.2% respectively, the total hatching larvae about 100000.2 Observed and recorded the whole process Huso dauricus embryo development. The main reference to former Soviet Union scholar. It in society. Gamma alpha to energy-saving and p t time. A. e, PI alpha phi. Part(1954) of sturgeon embryonic development stage method, when the temperature of the water(16 ± 0.2) ℃, the Huso dauricus embryo development is divided into 8 phases, a total of 36 a period of time. The observed arrival’s Huso fertilized egg has the following characteristics in the development process: A. cleavage mode for special radial cleavage; B. mid gastrula embryos when animal pole cells covering the 2/3; C. The C type in the heartbeat period of heart; D. film before embryo larval tail end, has arrived in the diencephalon.Incubation required total accumulated temperature of 2148~2592 ℃·h.3 Paraffin embedding method, the digestive system of 0-30 D larvae and juvenile of 1 age section making. Through the observation we can get the following conclusions:(1) A. 1 ~ 8 days of age for the endogenous feeding period; B. 9 ~ 12 day old larvae in the mixed vegetative period; c.13 days of age of yolk sac larvae all absorbed, officially entered the exogenous vegetative period. A membrane 2D ~ 3D, oropharyngeal cavity huso sturgeon larvae began to differentiate.(2) 2 D of gastric and duodenal differentiation, about 3 D through duodenum and valvula intestine, 8 ~ 9 d feeding bolt starting discharge.(3) 10 d huso sturgeon larvae pyloric stomach ciliated columnar cells, 16 D larvae showed "U" type, gastric cardia and gastric pyloric stomach than developed, and larger in diameter than the pylorus and gastric elasmobranch fish cartilage is similar, evolutionary status in front performance. Huso sturgeon larvae at 15 d after the digestive function of the basic sound. While observing the tissues of the 1 instar larval digestive system section, and described.4 Making skeletal specimen to one age juvenile Huso dauricus with alcian blue and alizarin red staining, and carries on the skeletal anatomy by the routine method, and the bone specimens were photographed and analyzed, summed up the corresponding skeletal features, the results show that:(1) the age of juvenile Huso’s total 127-129 block bone plate; cranial to block the cartilage bone box, tegument hard teleost plasma membrane sheets.(2) fourth pieces of abdominal bone plate bone plate has two thin and long spines protruding, after each bone plate gradually smooth.(3) the pharynx cranial ossification degree is very small, the majority of cartilaginous bone.(4) the hyomandibular is well developed, and the back of the skull after temporal fossa joint, strengthen the maxillary arch and the neurocranium combination of strength and toughness. Cranial and jaw quadrate completely free, no phase.(5) the degradation of belt.(6) with heterocercal caudal type, upper lobe of caudal fin front back with hard scales and a series of acanthoid.(7) isthmus about gill membranes are connected to each other, square jaw bone is completely free, mandibular muscle contraction and opercular opening muscle is developed, and its ferocious feeding to adapt. |
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