| This paper firstly described the factory farming situation of turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) and reviewed the farmed modes, farmed points, artificial breeding, and so on. Combined with the actual production, it also discussed the pros and cons of factory farming today to provide some help to the future healthy and sustainable development of turbot. Gynogenesis progress and applications of fish were reviewed, hoping to get some revelations to the future applications of our gynogenesis families of turbot. It was conducive to deep future scientific value and improve production of turbot.Based on microsatellite technology, this study carried out genetic analysis for our laboratory declaraed new breed “turbot no.1” by using 10 pairs primers with good polynorphic, then, using 2 pairs markers had a highly significant correlation with the traits to evaluate the inherited traits of “turbot no.1”. Studied the genetic diversity and genetic structure among three consecutive breeding generations in fast-growing strains and high-survival-rate strains. The results were as follows: In fast-growing strains, with our breeding, from F1 to F3, the average number of alleles(Na) decreased from 7.7000 to 5.2000, the average observed heterozygosity(Ho) decreased from 0.6167 to 0.4900, the average polymorphism information content(PIC) decreased from 0.7493 to 0.6211 and the average Shannon diversity index(H) decreased from 1.7212 to 1.3177, which marked the genetic diversity decreased from F1 to F3 gradually; The genetic identity index between F1 and F3 reduced compared with the date between F1 and F2(were 0.5427 and 0.6764), correspondingly their genetic distance increased(were 0.6111 and 0.3909), while the genetic identity between adjacent generations gradually increased(F1-F2:0.6764; F2-F3:0.8031) and genetic distance reduced(F1-F2:0.3909; F2-F3:0.2193);The genetic differentiation index(FST) between adjacent generations gradually became smaller(F1-F2:0.0541; F2-F3:0.0452), while the average gene flow(Nm) of three generations was 2.8598, which indicated that there were some gene flow among three generations. In high- survival-rate strains, from F1’to F3’, the Na decreased from 7.2000 to 4.7000, the Ho decreased from 0.6433 to 0.4767, the PIC decreased from 0.7626 to 0.6106 and the H decreased from 1.7316 to 1.2615, which marked the genetic diversity decreased from F1’ to F3 ’ gradually; The genetic identity between F1’ and F2 ’reduced compared with the date between F1’ and F3’(were 0.6618 and 0.7123), correspondingly their genetic distance increased(were 0.4128 and 0.3396), while the genetic identity between adjacent generations gradually increased(F1’-F2’:0.7123; F2’-F3’:0.7602) and genetic distance reduced(F1’-F2’:0.3393; F2’-F3’:0.2741); The FST between adjacent generations gradually became smaller(F1’-F2’:0.0558; F2’-F3’:0.0505), while the Nm of three generations was 3.0897, which indicated that there were some gene flow among three generations. All of the above results suggested that, from F1(F1’) to F3(F3’), their genetic diversity was gradually decreasing and hereditary basis was gradually getting purified, while some adverse genes were eliminated and the genetic structure would become stable in two strains.Using the same 10 pairs primers to analyze the genetic diversity of “turbot no.1”, 50 alleles were got. The values of average alleles(Na), effective alleles(Ne), observed heterozygosity(Ho), expected heterozygosity(He), polymorphic information content(PIC) and average Shannon diversity index(H)were 5.0000, 3.6050, 0.7029, 0.6420 and 1.3498. Comparing these parameters with three generations of two strains, we found that these values were higher than which of F3 and F3’,but lower than which of F2 and F2’. It showed that after hybridization, the diversity of “turbot no.1” increased to some extent.Sma-USC09 had a highly significant correlation with fast-growing trait, and Sma-USC141 had a highly significant correlation with fast-growing trait(p<0.01). Using these primers to evaluate “turbot no.1”. It found that:in 30 randomly selected individuals, 13 had both target fragments of 2 primers, the proportion was 43.3%; 8 only had the target fragment of Sma-USC09, and didn’t have the target fragment of Sma-USC141, the proportion was 26.7%. 4 had the target fragment of Sma-USC141,and didn’t have the target fragment of Sma-USC09, the proportion was 13.3%; 5 had neither the target fragment of Sma-USC09 nor Sma-USC141, the proportion was16.7%. In summary, after hybridization, “turbot no.1” inherited well parentals’ advantages. 163 microsatellites combined with BSA technology were used to screen growth-related SSR markers of turbot. Finally, the results showed that allele of Sma2380 at 380 bp was extremely significantly correlated with growth, and that alleles of Sma-USC114 at 155 bp and 180 bp were extremely significantly correlated with growth(p<0.01). After cloning, the amino acid sequence of the allele of Sma-USC114 at 155 bp was got. After BLAST analysis, its sequence was released highly consistent with published alleles of turbot which gene accession number is DQ810914.1 with 97% homology.In addition, some work related with gynogenetic turbot was carried out.10 microsatellite markers which expressed heterozygosis were selected from 53 microsatellites to detect the homozygosity of No.11 family of gynogenetic turbot which was constructed in 2010. The recobination rate in the study was not high, the average proportion of heterozygous was 35.67%.Inducting eggs of turbot with red sea bream(Pagrus maior) inactivated by UV to build gynogenetic diploids of turbot. Made full use of the diploids which be mature to design four kinds of mating ways and 34 families. Adding up the fecundity,floating rate, fertilization rate and hatching rate for every families. Through the analysis of these data by ANOVA, it found that the fecundity of gynogenesis females was significantly lower than common feamales’, and the hatching rate of gynogenesis females was also significantly lower than common feamales’(p<0.05). We speculated that the damage caused by the cold shock might be the main reason. |
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