| In order to study the nutritional quality of Cyprinus carpio haematopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu, fourteen of this two kinds of fish were conducted to evaluate flesh quality parameters. The nutritional composition (texture properties, proximate composition, amino acids in muscle, minerals and fatty acids in different tissues (dorsal muscle, abdominal muscle, tail muscle, skin, cerebrum, eye, swim bladder) were investigated.These datas may contribute to the quality evaluation, the deep processing of muscle products and the apuaculture promotion of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu.The main results were as follows.All of the texture properties in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus were higher than Cyprinus specularis Songpu. The hardness (1980.634 g) and gumminess (685.652) in Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus were significant higher than Cyprinus specularis Songpu (1429.215 g, 470.436) (P<0.05), and the springiness (0.511), chewiness (366.180 g) and resilience (0.179) were extremely significant higher than that in Cyprinus specularis Songpu. There was a certain correlation in this two kinds of carp among texture properties. There was a high negative correlation between hardness and adhesiveness in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus (P<0.05), and hardness was positively correlated to gumminess (P<0.01), chewiness(P<0.01) and resilience (P<0.05), chewiness was positively correlated to springiness (P<0.05) and gumminess (P<0.01). Resilience was positively correlated to cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness(P<0.01). Gumminess in the muscle of Cyprinus specularis Songpu was positively correlated to hardness (P<0.01) and cohesiveness (P<0.05), chewiness was positively correlated to hardness (P<0.01), springiness (P<0.05) and gumminess (P<0.0), resilience was positively correlated to hardness (P<0.05), cohesiveness (P<0.01), gumminess(P<0.01) and chewiness (P<0.01). The results showed that the texture quality of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus was better than that of Cyprinus specularis Songpu.The moisture (77.90%), ash (1.24%), crude protein (17.26%), crude fat (3.17%) in the muscle of Cyprinus specularis Songpu was higher than that in Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus (76.53%、 1.23%、17.20%、3.14%), but the contents of nutritional composition had no significant difference in this two kinds of fish (P>0.05).In the aspect of amino acids, eighteen kinds of amino acids in Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu were determined, the content of Glu was the highest, followed by Asp and Lys, but Cys was the lowest. While, the content of Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Ala, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys and Arg had significant difference between Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and there was significant difference about the total amount of flavor amino acids between the two kinds of fish (P<0.05). According to amino acid score (AAS), the first limiting acid was in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus (Met+Cys), and the first limiting acid were in the muscle of Cyprinus specularis Songpu Try and (Met+Cys). The essential amino acid index of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu was 49.58 and 48.83. The ratio of the content of essential amino acids and total amino acids was 40.58% and 40.55%, the ratio of the content of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids was 82.41% and 82.57%. According to amino acid score (AAS), both of the two kinds of fish were good protein resources.In addition, there were abundant minerals of Cu, Zn and Fe in both of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu. Cu and Fe was the highest in cerebrum in two kinds of carp (0.4143±0.0115 mg/kg and 75.9685±4.5715 mg/kg,0.9060±0.0505 mg/kg and 47.9742±1.0983 mg/kg), and Zn was the highest in skin (102.5528±5.9289 mg/kg and 215.1660±7.7363 mg/kg). And there were significant difference in tissues (P<0.05). At the same time, the content of minerals had differences between Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu. While, only a small amount of Cd was contained in both of this two kinds of carp, and it was much lower than the limits of national standards.In the field of fatty acids,12 kinds of fatty acid were detected in Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu. There were four kinds of saturated fatty acid (SFA), and the content of palmitic acid (C16:0) was the highest, Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus was between 15.76% and 18.15%, Cyprinus specularis Songpu was between 15.10% and 18.80%. There kinds of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), mainly oleic acid (C18:n-9), Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus was between 36.20% and 40.18%, Cyprinus specularis Songpu was between 37.50% and 40.88%. Five kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), mainly linoleic acid (C18:2n-6), Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus was between 19.80% and 28.90%, Cyprinus specularis Songpu was between 16.20% and 29.21%. And the content of MUFA was the highest, followed by PUFA, SFA was the lowest. While, there were significant differences in different tissues of this two kinds of carp (P<0.05).and the content of five kinds of essential fatty acids had differences between Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu.From the test, we can see that the texture quality of Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus was better than that of Cyprinus specularis Songpu, and there was a certain correlation in this two kinds of carp among texture properties. The content and composition of amino acids were consistent with the requirements of good quality protein, and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals were abundant. Overall, the nutritional quality in both Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu was high. The detection of these qualities may provide data support and reference for Cyprinus carpio heamatopterus and Cyprinus specularis Songpu in the evaluation of quality and the development and assessment of value. |
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