| As one of the main agricultural provinces in our country, Hei Longjiang Province, which has rich grain output and abundant straw resources, has been twelve even increase of its grain output. According to investigation and statistics the straw output of our province is about 8108 tons, 40% of which was used in household fuels, 20% in fodder, 5% in industrial use, 6%-9% in returning application and the rest of 25% was burned and disposal. The production capability of the farmland of our province is rapidly falling, so the remediation of the soil and compensation of soil organic matter with straw returning to field have been the primary task of our province. In this article, there are the analysis of the straw utilization status of our province and the main problems and the suggestions and countermeasures to the straw returning to field of our province in future.We issued 550 questionnaires totally, including 200 to agricultural reclamation area, 100 to Harbin area, 150 to Suihua area and 100 to Qiqihaer area. Obtained by the questionnaires of 450 farmers: land reclamation area a total of 146 effective sample farmers, the farmers in the sample average returning rate of 9.3%; rural areas a total of 245 valid samples of farmers, the farmers in the sample average returning rate was 7.7%. By contrast, land reclamation area rural culture level, per capita agricultural machinery have amount, per capita government subsidy funds higher than in rural areas, also the amount of straw returning average than rural areas with high 1.6%.Combining with the effective questionnaires of Bei An Farm, we drew the results that the straw returning to field brought the increase production of crops while the effects was not obvious in short term. After the returning kept three to five years we could observe the per unit area yield and the economic benefits. According to the rate of straw returning 9.3%, the market price in 2015, it could save 1168 yuan per hektare after straw returning.Combining with the 41 effective questionnaires of agricultural managers, we drew the conclusion that recently years the percentage of the burning straw had been decreased but the government inspects system of straw returning to field is inadequate and the further tracking survey had not been practicable. Generally speaking, the effect of straw returning to field in lnad-reclaimable area is obvious and the returning rate has reach to 9.3%. Combining with the 42 effective questionnaires of professors.The main problems are that the propaganda should be increased and the farmers are lack of enthusiasm. Limited by the temperature, the deco mposing of straw is not full. What’s more, there are some other problems as the shortage of rural labor force resulting to the burning of straw, the shortage of capital to buy farm machinery and recovery of straw and the shortage of government’s supports.Through the comprehensive analysis, we give the suggestions as follows: Strengthen the propaganda and promotion to raise farmers’ recognition. The government should offer certain subsidy policies to improve farmers’ enthusiasm of straw returning to field. Encourage college students volunteer service to solve the problem of labor shortage. Allow the funds by stages in purchase machines for returning to field to alleviate the pressure of the money. Adopt various methods to expand the operating mechanism of industrial chain. Organize technical training, chair to strengthen the ability. Open up the network education platform to build information distance education pattern. Establish administrative department for the recycle of straw to manage and storage uniformly. Quote more advanced technology and machines and defense for pest betimes. Increase the depth of farming to promote the decompose of straw. |
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