| Heilongjiang province is an important grain production base in China; soybean is one of the main crops, Amaranthus retroflexus L, alias for the West Valley, wild Miya, is one of the main broadleaf weeds in soybean fields in Heilongjiang province. Fomesafen, is one of diphenyl ether herbicides developed by British Zeneca, the target enzyme is protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Since the use of a large area on 90’s, because its have the good weeding effect, wide weed control spectrum, high selectivity, and so on. It has been the mainly herbicides to control broadleaf weeds which are used postemergence foliar treatment in soybean filed. But in recent years, due to the extensive use of fomesafen in successive years, the control effect for Amaranthus retroflexus L has began to decline, it is difficult to achieve the desired control effect where use herbicide three times in some areas. And with the increase of the duration of herbicide use, herbicide resistance has been enhanced.In order to study the Amaranthus retroflexus L resistance level and resistance mechanism of fomesafen, in this paper, 37 different regions Amaranthus retroflexus L as the research object was collected from 13 cities in Heilongjiang province. Through pot experiment in the greenhouse were 37 different regions of the Amaranthus retroflexus L of fomesafen resistance level. Through the application of fomesafen was measured after di fferent populations Amaranthus retroflexus L chlorophyll content changes, and the activity of protective enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT changes, and the changes of MDAcontent, and the activity of the degradation metabolic enzyme of GSTs changes, and the changes of target enzyme PPO activity. To explore resistance mechanism of the Amaranthus retroflexus L to fomesafen, for the resistant weeds research and resistance of the management provide theoretical basis and reference. Main research results are as foll ows:(1) Through pot experiment in Greenhouse, determine the resistance level of Amaranthus retroflexus L to fomesafen which in 37 different regions in 13 cities in Heilongjiang province. Nenjiang county of Heihe city and the Shanhe Village of Nenjiang Cou nty of Heihe city etc.(1, 3~9), which the plants control effect of Amaranthus retroflexus L are below 20%, when the fomesafen pesticide application amount was 600 g a.i. /hm2, and initially identified the 8 regions of Amaranthus retroflexus L have strong resistance to fomesafen. The Road of Nenjiang of Heihe city(untreated) and the Sunwu County of Heihe City etc.(2,10~14,19 and 21~27), which the plants control effect of Amaranthus retroflexus L were all less than 60%,when the fomesafen pesticide application amount was 150 g a.i./hm2, and initially identified 14 regions of Amaranthus retroflexus L is resistant to fomesafen. Dongsheng of Yichun city and the Dongsheng township of Yichun city etc.(15~18,20 and 28~37), which the plants control effect of Amaranthus retroflexus L was greater than 60%, when the fomesafen pesticide application amount was 150 g a.i./hm2, and initially identified 15 regions of Amaranthus retroflexus L is sensitive to fomesafen.(2) The results of Amaranthus retroflexus L resistance to fomesafen after preliminar y screening: Mining in Daduchuan Town of Dongning County of Mudanjiang City etc.(11, 12, 23, 33 and 34) Amaranthus retroflexus L resistance index 1.00~2.54, at a sensitive stage. M ining in Road of Nenjiang of Heihe city(untre ated)(2) Amaranthus retroflexus L resistance index was 5.70 and the Tangyuan farm economic crop Park in Jiamusi City(22) Amaranthus retroflexus L resistance index was 5.55. Mining in Nenjiang(1, 4~8) Amaranthus retroflexus L populations GR5 0 from 2963.7429~7417.9136 g a.i./hm2 and resistance index from the 40.65~101.74, for high levels of resistance.(3) The results of the study on the mechanism of herbicide resistance :1) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus SOD activity was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1.34 times and 1.45 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of SOD activity days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus SOD activity throughout the experimental stage was higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.2) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus POD activity was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1.11 times and 1.55 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of POD activity days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus POD activity throughout the experimental stage was higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.3) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus CAT activity was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1.28 times and 1.57 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus L populations of CAT activity days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Don g Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus CAT activity throughout the experimental stage was higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.4) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus MDAcontent was well as low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of MDAcontent days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus MDAcontent throughout the experimental stage w as higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.5) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus GSTs activity was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1. 92 times and 2.27 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of GSTs activity days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus GSTs activity throughout the experimental stage w as higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.6) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus PPO activity was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1.35 times and 1.42 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of PPO activity days of spraying increased first decrease d and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus PPO activity throughout the experimental stage was higher than lo w level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity.7) Before treatment, the high level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun(No.5) of Amaranthus retroflexus chlorophyll content was low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops park Jiamusi site(No.22) and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site(No.34) 1.05 times and 1.07 times respectively. After application of fomesafen, different Amaranthus retroflexus populations of chlorophyll content days of spraying increased first decreased and then increased and then decreased trend with. High level resistant population, Nenjiang County, Heihe City, advance Dong Sheng Cun Amaranthus retroflexus chlorophyll content throughout the experimental stage was higher than low level resistant population of Tangyuan farm cash crops Park Jiamusi site and sensitive population of Mudanjiang Dongning patriotic village of Suiyang Dongning site Amaranthus retroflexus activity. |
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