Properties Of Flowering And Fruiting And Seed Characteristics Of Sophora Japonica L.

Sophora japonica L.is city tree of several cities. It is a excellent species with greening, timber, ornamental, nectariferous, medicinal and dye. Moreover, It is a potential energy tree species, has the very good use prospect and research value. In this study, we investigated Sophora japonica phenophase and determined flower characteristics, pollen viability and stigma receptivity in different development stages; Also effect of different seed collecting time periods on germination and physiological metabolism of Sophora japonica seeds was researched; Also changes of seed vigor and physiology and biochemistry in Sophora japonica seeds in artificial aging were measured; Also changes of physiology and biochemistry during the germination of Sophora japonica seeds were discussed; Moreover, effect of different treatments on the germination of Sophora japonica seeds we studied.The main results are as follows:(1)The end of march in early April was germination stage of Sophora japonica, last about 10 days; Sophora japonica was leaf expansion stage in early April, and leaf exhibition stage in the mid to late April; Early of middle of June was Sophora japonica inflorescence apparition, In late June by the lower part of inflorescence blossom up gradually, flowering 30 to 45 days per plant; Sophora japonica fruited in early August which was a longest stage of phonological and sheded leaf in late October, last about 20 to 30 days.(2)In artificial pollination test, the most appropriate pollination period was blooming stage on the same day, and the most appropriate emasculation period was corolla prolonged stage, in addition, the most appropriate pollen collection was initiating bloom period.(3)According to pollen-ovule ratio and outcrossing index, the breeding system of Sophora japonica was belong to the type of partially and self-compatibleobligate xenogamy, Sophorajaponica require the participation of pollinators in the process of pollination.(4)During mid-November to mid-December was the suitable seed collecting time period.(5)In the process of artificial aging, Sophora japonica seeds germination potential, germination index, vigor index tended to rise slowly then decline gradually, short-term hot and humid environment was beneficial to improve seed vigor; The soluble sugar content increased gradually and MDA content almost maintain the same level at first day then increased obviously.Because the metabolic activity weakened, soluble protein content declined rapiddly; With the extension of aging time, SOD, POD, CAT enzyme activity tended to rise slowly then decline gradually. Membrane peroxidation leading to the change of cell membrane permeability was the important cause of Sophora japonica seed aging.(6)During the germination of Sophora japonica seeds, soluble sugar content tended to rise slowly then decline gradually. Due to water swelling, soluble sugar content increased obviously before 3 days and declined obviously on days 3 through 7 of the experiment. Soluble protein content declined then increased obviously; MDA content tended to decreased-increased-decreased.There were same regulation of SOD and POD,which had a synergistic effect.The change of CAT tended to increased-decreased-increased,it had a negatively correlation with MDA.(7)Composite treatment is more advantageous to break the Sophora japonica seed dormancy.concentrated sulfuric acid combined with low temperature of moist storage had the best effect on improving Sophora japonica seed germination.