Effects Of Ridge And Furrow Mulching Methods On Soil Water And Heat And Growth And Development Of Summer Maize And Hydrus Model Simulation

There is a climatic condition in Northwest China which shows arid and large difference of rainfall season. Farmland covered measures to adjust soil hydrothermal condition. Mulching measures has important influence to promote crop growth and development. Four experimental treatments were as follows: the ridge was covered with common plastic film and the dent covered with wheat straw(PSM);flat plot with plastic film-mulched(PM);flat plot with wheat straw(SM);flat plot without mulch as the control(CK). The TRIME-TDR and EM50 were used to dynamically monitor the soil water and heat during the growth period of summer maize. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different mulching modes on soil water, soil temperature and yield of summer maize.This study provided theoretical basis for selecting the rainwater harvesting cultivation techniques. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The lower moisture content of the treatment was increased with the water infiltration after of precipitation.All mulching modes can significantly the 0~200cm soil water storage.In less rainfall season,PSM treatment had a lower soil water storage than control.The consumption of PSM treatment is most,but the difference decreases with the increase of rainfall. Mulching can optimize the structure of maize water consumption, reduce the water consumption of tree between evaporation of maize seedling stage, use more water in jointing stage and milking stage, improve corn and grain formation.(2)Regardless of sunny or rainy day, the maximum oneday variations for soil temperature was observed in the PM treatment,while the minimum happened in the SM and PSM treatmentsThere has the same variation rule of the daily soil temperature in seedling stage and filling stage.The variation of surface soil temperature is the largest.Along the soil depth, the variation of daily soil temperature is decreases. In the season of higher air temperature, film mulching has a obvious warming effect on topsoil,straw mulching has a cooling effect, the ridge was covered with common plastic film and the dent covered with wheat straw treatment in between.At the condition of lower air temperature, neither film mulching nor straw mulching has a more significant warming effect compared to bare land.(3)The summer maize plant height has fast growing with a linearly speed in early stage. Mulching treatment plant height is significantly higher than not covered, including PSM processing plant growth fastest, summer maize growth anaphase plant height basically remain unchanged. There is no obvious difference between different mulching treatment plant height. Summer maize leaf area index during the reproductive period showed increasing trend decreases after then. Leaf area index in 60 days after sowing the tasseling stage to achieve maximum value. Two years summer corn tasseling stage of leaf area index from big to small in turn for PSM>PM>SM>CK。(4) The mulching treatments can increase the dry matter accumulation in the growth stage of summer maize.The mulching treatment of dry matter were higher than control, PSM and PM treatment were the largest dry matter accumulation in different periods, followed by SM treatment.The mulching treatment handle summer maize yield were significantly increased compared with CK, especially PSM treatment, followed by PM treatment in 2014 and 2015. The mulching treatment handle summer maize WUE were significantly increased compared with CK, especially PSM treatment, followed by PM treatment in 2014 and 2015. Two years of summer maize yield and water use efficiency(wue) were positively correlated. In different stages of the water use efficiency and water consumption was not significant.(5) HYDRUS-1D model is capable of simulation soil water content and temperature dynamics well,the characterization of simulation accuracy of Nash efficiency coefficient were 0.52~0.84 and 0.69~0.96. So it can be used for analyzing soil water and heat processes between different covering cultivation model.In order to predict and explore the cultivation measures,and provide technical support for dryland agriculture sustainable development.